Kubhururuka pamusoro penyika kunogona kunzwa sekunge uri kure nenyika iri pasi, asi masisitimu emazuva ano ekutaurirana, anosanganisira transponders, iva nechokwadi chekuti vatyairi vendege havasi vega zvechokwadi.
Nemasekondi mashoma chete, vatyairi vendege vanogona kusangana zvakananga ne Air traffic control (ATC) kana vamwe vatyairi vendege, vachipanana ruzivo rwakakosha. Pakati pema "transmissions" aya, chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinobuda pachena - ma "squawk codes".
Asi chii chaizvo chinonzi squawk codes? Ipfungwa ine manhamba mana inobvumira ATC kuteedzera nekutaurirana nendege zvinobudirira. Ngatinyatsoongororai mashandiro ayo.
Chii chinonzi Squawk Code?
Kodhi yeSquawk inhamba ine manhamba mana yakasiyana inopihwa ndege nevanodzora mafambiro endege (ATC) kuti ifambise kutaurirana kwakanaka panguva yekubhururuka. Sisitimu iyi inovandudza kubatana pakati pevatyairi vendege neATC, zvichiita kuti kushanda kwayo kuve kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka.
Ndege yega yega iri mudenga inopihwa kodhi yakasiyana ye squawk, ine nhamba dzinotangira pa0 kusvika pa7. Kana yangoburitswa, mutyairi wendege anopinda kodhi yacho mu transponder, zvichibvumira ATC kuteedzera nzvimbo yendege uye mamiriro ayo pa radar.
Kunyora kodhi ye squawk nemazvo kwakakosha, sezvo ichiita basa rakakosha mukutarisira kufamba kwendege uye kuchengetedzeka kwese kwese kwekubhururuka.
Makodhi eSquawk: Kuchengetedzeka uye Kuchengetedzwa
Kudzora kufamba kwendege (ATC) kunoshandisa makodhi e squawk kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti kufamba kwendege kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka. Aya makodhi ane manhamba mana anobatsira vatungamiriri vendege kutarisa ndege panguva chaiyo, vachipa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvenzvimbo yadziri, kukwirira kwadzo, uye mamiriro ekubhururuka kwadzo. Mukufamba kwendege, ATC inoshandisa makodhi e squawk kutevera mafambiro endege, kupa mirairo, uye kugadzirisa kuwanda kwekufamba kwendege, zvichideredza njodzi yekurovera pakati pendege.
Munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda vanofamba nendege, kushandiswa kwakarurama kwemakodhi e squawk kunonyanya kukosha. ATC inopa makodhi chaiwo kundege yega yega kuti ivabatsire kusiyanisa pamasikirini e radar, zvichiita kuti ndege dzirambe dziri munzira dzavakaronga. Kana vatyairi vendege vakanyora makodhi e squawk asiri iwo kana kuti vakatadza kushandisa ma transponder avo, ATC inogona kurasikirwa nekuona ndege, zvichikonzera njodzi dzekuchengetedza.
Muzviitiko zvakanyanya, kusataurirana zvakanaka kana chiratidzo che transponder chisipo zvinogona kukonzera nyevero dzekuchengetedza, zvichida kupindira kubva kune vane masimba ekufambisa ndege. Makodhi eSquawk anoitawo basa rakakosha mumamiriro ezvinhu enjodzi, zvichibvumira ATC kutora matanho nekukurumidza kubatsira ndege kana kuronga mhinduro dzenjodzi.
Ndege ichibhururuka pasi Visual Flight Rules (VFR) Hazviwanzo kutaurirana zvakananga neATC, sezvo zvichinyanya kufamba nemifananidzo pane kuvimba nemirairo yekudzora kufamba kwendege. Zvisinei, ndege idzi dzichiri kushandisa ma transponder kuparadzira kuvapo kwadzo kuATC nevamwe vatyairi vendege.
Kodhi ye squawk yakajairika yendege dzeVFR ndeiyi 1200, zvichiratidza kuti ndege iri kushanda yakazvimirira pasina kutarisirwa nguva dzose neATC. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira kusawirirana nedzimwe ndege uye zvinoita kuti kunyange ndege dzisingadzoreki dzirambe dzichionekwa pa radar.
Makodhi eEmergency Squawk
Makodhi eSquawk anoshanda senzira huru yekutaurirana pakati pevatyairi vendege nevanodzora mafambiro endege, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu enjodzi. International Civil Aviation Sangano (ICAO) yakaronga seti yemakodhi matatu ekukurumidzira anoshandiswa nevatyairi vendege kana ndege dzavo dzatarisana nedambudziko guru. Makodhi aya anonyevera ATC ipapo ipapo, zvichibvumira mhinduro nekukurumidza uye yakakodzera.
Makodhi eEmergency Squawk:
Squawk 7500 – Kodhi iyi inoratidza kupambwa kana kupindira zvisiri pamutemo mundege. Kana mutyairi wendege akaisa kodhi iyi, ATC inotora matanho nekukasika kugadzirisa njodzi yekuchengetedzeka.
Squawk 7600 – Kodhi iyi inoratidza kutadza kutaurirana neredhiyo. Kana mutyairi wendege akarasikirwa nekwanisi yekutaurirana neredhiyo, kushandisa kodhi iyi yekurira kunozivisa ATC, zvichimubvumira kupa mimwe mirairo zvichienderana nehurongwa hwekubhururuka kwendege.
Squawk 7700 - Kodhi iyi inoshandiswa panjodzi huru, kusanganisira kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kwemakanika, njodzi dzehutano, kana mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma anoda rubatsiro nekukurumidza.
Kunyange zvazvo makodhi ese matatu e squawk achiratidza dambudziko, rimwe nerimwe rinopa ruzivo rwakananga kuATC, zvichibatsira vatongi kuronga mhinduro yakanakisisa.
Chii chinonzi Squawk Code 7500?
Squawk 7500 ikodhi ye emergency transponder inoratidza kupambwa kwendege kana kupindira zvisiri pamutemo. Kana mutyairi wendege aisa kodhi iyi mu transponder, vanodzora mafambiro endege vari pasi vanobva vangoziviswa nezvenjodzi inogona kuitika.
Kazhinji, kushandisa Squawk 7500 kunoratidza kuti mutyairi wendege haasisina simba rekutonga ndege zvizere kana kuti akamanikidzwa kuchinja nzira yake achimanikidzwa. Kana kodhi iyi yagamuchirwa, ATC inotevedzera mitemo yakasimba, ichibatsirana nemauto ekuchengetedza ndege kuti vaongorore mamiriro acho ezvinhu uye vatore matanho anodiwa.
Nekuda kwehunhu hwekodhi iyi, vatyairi vendege vanofanira kungwarira zvikuru pavanoishandisa, sezvo chero kuisirwa kwenhema kunogona kukonzera mhinduro yekuchengetedzwa isina kufanira.
Chii chinonzi Squawk Code 7600?
Squawk 7600 ndiyo kodhi ye transponder inoshandiswa kuratidza kutadza kutaurirana neredhiyo mundege. Kana mutyairi wendege akarasikirwa nekugona kutaurirana ne air traffic control (ATC) nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwemuchina kana mamwe matambudziko ehunyanzvi, kupinda mu 7600 mu transponder kunozivisa ATC nezvemamiriro acho ezvinhu ipapo.
Kana kodhi iyi yangotanga kushanda, ATC inotora matanho anodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ndege yacho yafamba zvakanaka. Kunyangwe hazvo kutaurirana nemuromo kwakarasika, ndege ichiri kutarisirwa kutevedzera maitiro akajairwa, kuramba ichiita chirongwa chendege, uye shandisa zviratidzo zvinoonekwa kana mafambiro akafanotaurwa kuti usimbise chinangwa chayo. Panguva iyi, ATC inoshanda pamwe chete nedzimwe ndege kuti dzichengetedze kuparadzaniswa kwakachengeteka kusvika ndege yakabatwa yasvika yakachengeteka.
Chii chinonzi Squawk Code 7700?
Squawk 7700 ndiyo kodhi ye transponder ye emergency inoshandiswa kuratidza emergency yakawanda mundege. Iyi kodhi inozivisa ATC kuti ndege iri kusangana nedambudziko rakakura uye inoda rubatsiro rwekukurumidza.
Vatyairi vendege vanogona kuvhura Squawk 7700 nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchina, kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini, mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa, njodzi dzehutano, kana chero chimwe chinhu chingaisa njodzi kundege nevatakuri vayo.
Kana ATC yangogamuchira chiratidzo ichi chekukurumidzira, vanotanga tanga ndege pakutangachenesa nzvimbo yemuchadenga, uye shanda pamwe chete nemabasa epasi. Kana ndege iri kusvika panhandare yendege, nzira dzekumhanya dzakacheneswa, uye mapoka ekubatsira panguva yekukurumidzira—akadai sevanodzima moto, vanobatsira varwere, uye vashandi vekugadzirisa—vanoiswa panzvimbo yekumirira kuti vaone kuti ndege yacho yamira zvakanaka uye kuti inokurumidza kupindura.
Nei Makodhi eSquawk Akakosha Pakuchengetedza Ndege
Makodhi eSquawk anotamba basa rakakomba mundege, zvichibatsira vatyairi vendege kuti vataure nevanodzora mafambiro endege (ATC) zvinobudirira. Makodhi aya anoita kuti kufamba kwakachengeteka mundege controlled airspace uye inopa nzira inokurumidza uye inoshanda yekuzivisa njodzi, dzakadai sekubiwa kwemotokari (7500), kutadza kutaurirana (7600), uye kutambudzika kwakajairika (7700).
Kunyange zvazvo kuchengetedza kutaurirana kwakajeka neATC kuchikosha, basa guru remutyairi wendege nderekushandisa ndege zvakachengeteka. Makodhi eSquawk anoita kuti maitiro acho ave nyore nekubvumira vatyairi kuendesa ruzivo rwakakosha pasina kushanda nesimba, vachivimbisa mhinduro dzinokurumidza uye dzakarurama kubva kuvatongi vepasi.
Zvisinei, kururama kwakakosha. Kuisa kodhi ye squawk isiriyo kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro yakakomba. Chikanganiso chiri nyore—sekuisa Squawk 7500 pachinzvimbo che7700—zvinogona kukonzera yambiro yekuchengetedza, zvichikonzera kutya nekukanganisika zvisina kufanira. Izvi zvakaonekwa zvakanyanya mu Chiitiko cheKorean Air panguva ya9/11, uko kusanzwisisana kwekodhi ye squawk kwakakonzera matambudziko makuru ekuchengetedza.
mhedziso
Makodhi eSquawk anoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedzeka kwendege, zvichiita kuti kutaurirana kwakajeka uye kwakanaka pakati pevatyairi vendege nevanodzora mafambiro endege kubudirire. Kubva pakuzivikanwa kwenguva dzose kusvika pakuzivisa nezvenjodzi, aya makodhi ane manhamba mana anoita kuti ndege dzirambe dzichionekwa uye dzichitarisirwa mudenga.
Kunzwisisa makodhi e squawk kwakakosha kune vatyairi vendege, sezvo kupinda nemazvo kunogona kureva musiyano pakati pekubhururuka zvakanaka nekusataurirana kwakakomba. Ingava kuratidza kutadza kushanda kweredhiyo, emergency, kana kutobiwa kwendege, makodhi aya chishandiso chakakosha mukuchengetedza kurongeka uye kuchengetedzeka mumhepo.
Chidzidzo chikuru ndechei? Vatyairi vendege vanofanira kuziva makodhi avo ekuridza mhere uye kuanyora nemazvo kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti kufamba zvakanaka uye kwakachengeteka mudenga.
Taura ne Florida Flyers Flight Academy India Chikwata chanhasi pa + 91 (0) 1171 816622 kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve Private Pilot Ground School Course.
Zviri Mukati
