Waizviziva here kuti ndege dzinopfuura 80% dzemabhizinesi dzinobhururuka muClass A Airspace zuva nezuva? Nzvimbo iyi inodzorwa zvakanyanya inotangira pa 18,000 feet MSL kusvika 60,000 feet MSL uye inongoda hunyanzvi hwekufamba netsoka hwakanyatsoenderana nemitemo.
Vatyairi vendege vazhinji vanoona zvinodiwa neAirspace uye zvinodiwa nemidziyo zvichivanetsa. Matambudziko makuru anosanganisira kutaurirana kweATC nguva dzose uye mamiriro ekunze akaomarara panzvimbo dzakakwirira. Mutyairi wese wendege anofanira kuva nehunyanzvi hwekutevedzera mitemo yakaoma inosanganisira mitemo yekukwira, zvinodiwa nemidziyo, uye mitemo yenzvimbo chaiyo.
Chikamu ichi chichakupa nhungamiro pfumbamwe dzakakosha dzekukubatsira kutungamira ndege yako nechivimbo kuburikidza neClass A Airspace. Uchadzidza zvese muClass A Airspace mashandiro ayo vatyairi vendege vane hunyanzvi vanofanira kuziva, kungave uri kuronga rwendo rwako rwekutanga rwendege dzakakwirira kana kuti uchida kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwako hwekufambisa ndege.
Kunzwisisa Zvinokosha zveKirasi A Airspace
Zvinokosha zvendege iyi zvakakosha kune vatyairi vendege vanobhururuka munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Nzvimbo iyi yendege inodzorwa ndiyo inoumba hwaro hwekushanda kwendege dzekutengeserana nedzepamusoro.
Tsanangudzo neMiganhu
Inofukidza nzvimbo yakakwirira yenzvimbo yemhepo inodzorwa inotangira pa 18,000 feet avhareji yegungwa (MSL) kusvika uye kusanganisira Flight Level 600 (inenge 60,000 feet MSL). Nzvimbo yekushanda ine nzvimbo yemhepo iri mukati memakiromita gumi nemaviri egungwa kubva kumahombekombe mumatunhu makumi mana nemasere akabatana neAlaska.
Unhu Hwakakosha
Kubhururuka muClass A Airspace kunoda kuti vatyairi vendege vatevedzere mitemo iyi:
-Ndege dzese dzinofanirwa kuitwa pasi peMitemo yeNdege (IFR)
-Kutaurirana neATC neredhiyo nguva dzose kunosungirwa
-Ndege dzese dzinowana masevhisi ekuparadzanisa kubva Air Traffic Control
-Kune nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekubvisa matombo (off-off) kune vanokwira magiravhu nevanokwira denga munzvimbo dzakakwirira.
Vatyairi vendege vanofanira kunyatsotevedzera zvinodiwa pakupatsanurana kwendege. Kupatsanurana kwendege kwakaderera kwetsoka kunofanira kuchengetwa, kunyange zvazvo kunogona kuderedzwa kusvika pamamita 1,000 nemidziyo yakanyoreswa.
Tafura Yezvinodiwa Nemidziyo
Tafura iyi ine ruzivo rwakadzama inoratidza michina inodiwa pakushanda:
| Zvishandiso Type | kudiwa | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Mitemo Yekubhururuka | Chitupa cheIFR | Zvinosungirwa pamabasa ese |
| kutaurirana | Nzira mbiri-Radio | Kutaurirana nguva dzose kunodiwa |
| Navigation | DME | Zvinodiwa pamusoro peFL240 pakushandisa VOR |
| transponder | Mamiriro C | Nekugona kweADS-B Out |
| Altimeter | Kumanikidza Kuisa | Inofanira kuiswa pa29.92 kana ichikwira kupfuura 18,000 feet |
| Flight Plan | IFR | Inodiwa usati wapinda |
Vatyairi vendege vanoda kuti masisitimu ese aya ave nemidziyo yakakodzera vasati vapinda muClass A Airspace. Pamusoro pezvo, zvakava zvinosungirwa mushure meNdira 1, 2020, kuti ndege dzese dzinoshanda dzive nemidziyo yeADS-B Out yakaiswa inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekushanda.
Midziyo Inokosha Yekufambisa
Kubhururuka nendege kunoda michina yakakwana yekufambisa kuti mabasa arambe akachengeteka uye akatsetseka. Ndege yako inoda michina yakakodzera kuti isvike padanho repamusoro rekubhururuka kweClass A Airspace.
MaAvionics Anodiwa Pakushanda Kwemuchadenga weClass A
Ndege yako inofanira kunge iine maavionics chaiwo anoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba kuti ibhururuke. Hezvino zvaunoda:
| Equipment Category | kudiwa | chinangwa |
|---|---|---|
| kutaurirana | Nzira mbiri-Radio | ATC kutaurirana |
| Navigation | VOR/TACAN kana RNAV | Primary navigation |
| transponder | Mode C ine mishumo yekukwirira | Chinzvimbo chekutevera |
| ADS-BELL | Kugona kubuda | ongororo |
Negadziriro yeparutivi Systems
Kuchengetedzeka kunoenderana nekudzoserwa kwedata. Masisitimu ako ekuchengetedza data anofanirwa kusanganisira:
* Redhiyo yekukurukurirana yechipiri yekushanda
*Mamwe manyuko ekufambisa anosanganisira kugona kweDME/DME
*Sisitimu dzesimba rekuchengetedza maavionics akakosha
*Midziyo yekufambisa nekukurumidza inogona kukanganisa GPS
Zvishandiso Zvemazuva Ano Zvekufambisa
Chishandiso chako chekufambisa data chinofanira kunge chiine masisitimu akasiyana-siyana. GPS ndiyo yave nzvimbo huru yekufambisa data nekuchinja kweFAA kuenda kuPerformance-Based Navigation (PBN). Uchiri kuda kuziva mashandisiro emasisitimu ekare zvinobudirira.
VOR Minimum Operational Network (MON) inopa rutsigiro rwakakosha muClass A Airspace. Sisitimu iyi inokuchengetedza uri mukati memaira zana kubva panhandare yendege pasina nzira yeGPS. MON inopa kufukidza kweVOR nguva dzose pamakiromita 1,000 paAGL yese yeNational Airspace System panguva yeGPS isina kushanda.
Ndege yako inogona kushandisa maturusi aya kuti ifambe zviri nani muClass A Airspace:
*Nzira dzeGPS dzeRNAV dzinoshandisa WAAS
*Masisitimu ekufambisa eDME/DME ekuchengetedza RNAV
*Nzvimbo dzeVOR dzekufamba-famba nenzira dzechinyakare
*Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) yekuwedzera kushandiswa kwedata
Sisitimu yako huru yekufambisa inofanirwa kushanda isati yasimuka. FAA inokurudzira kuyera VOR receiver gore rega rega kuti irambe yakarurama, kunyanya kana uchida dzimwe nzira dzeGPS.
Kuronga Ndege Dzisati Dzatanga Kubhururuka kweKirasi A
Kubhururuka kwakachengeteka kunoenderana nekuronga kwakadzama usati waenda kubhururuka. Unoda nzira yakarongeka kuti usvike pazvinodiwa nemitemo yese.
Zvinodiwa paKuronga Ndege paKushanda kweNdege muClass A
Unofanira kunyora gwaro rendege reIFR uye kuwana mvumo yakakodzera usati wapinda muClass A Airspace. Gwaro rako rendege rinoda ruzivo urwu:
| Planning Element | kudiwa |
|---|---|
| Mitemo Yekubhururuka | IFR Chete |
| Makodhi eMidziyo | /L kana /G yekugona kweRNAV |
| Mafuta Anodiwa | Kwaunoenda + Kuchinjana + 45 maminitsi |
| Nzira Yokugadzirira | Nzira dzendege kana RNAV |
| Kuisa Mafaira Ekumusoro | FL180 zvichikwira |
Kufunga Nezvemamiriro Ekunze muClass A Airspace
Maitiro emamiriro ekunze emudenga anoda kutarisirwa kwako kwakazara paunenge uchibhururuka muClass A Airspace. Mhepo isina kugadzikana uye mamiriro echando ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha kufunga nezvazvo. Mushumo wako wemamiriro ekunze unofanirwa kufukidza:
-Mamiriro ekunze epamusoro-soro uye majeti emvura
-Matanho echando uye kuoma kwayo
-Kufanotaura kwemhirizhonga uye PIREPs
-Nzvimbo dzinofukidza radar yemamiriro ekunze
-Kuita kwemafungu egomo munzvimbo dzakakodzera
Zvakanakira Kuronga Mafuta eNzvimbo yeNdege yeClass A
Mashandiro emuchadenga weClass A anoda kuverenga mafuta chaiwo nekuchengetedza kwakatarwa. Mitemo yacho inoda kuti uronge zvinotevera:
-Mafuta erwendo: Yakaverengwa kubva pakubva kuenda kwainoenda
-Mafuta Enguva Dzose: 5% yemafuta ekufambisa kana kuti maminetsi mashanu ekubata
-Mafuta Anosiyana: Zvakakwana kuti munhu asvike uye abhururuke kuti achinjane
-Kuchengetedzwa Kwekupedzisira: Maminetsi makumi matatu pakumhanya kwekubata pa 1,500 tsoka
Kushanda munzvimbo dzakakwirira kunokupa zvakanakira. Denga rakajeka mu95% yekubhururuka kwendege pamusoro pemamita zviuru makumi maviri, uye kumhanya kwemhepo yako kunokwira ne20-25% zvichienzaniswa nekushanda munzvimbo dzegungwa.
Nzira yekukurumidzira yekufamba inotanga nekuita sarudzo pamwe chete neATC nemabasa emamiriro ekunze. Izvi zvinokupa hurongwa hwakadzama uye zvinoderedza basa rako kana wava mumhepo.
Tarisa ruzivo rwese rweNOTAM rune chekuita nerwendo rwako. Nyatsotarisa zvirambidzo zvenguva pfupi zvekubhururuka kana shanduko mumaitiro akajairwa anogona kukanganisa hurongwa hwako hwekubhururuka.
Zvirongwa zvako zvekuchengetedza zvinhu zvinofanira kusanganisira nzira dzakasiyana uye nzira dzekudzika nadzo kana paine njodzi panguva yekushanda. Izvi zvinova zvakakosha kana uri kubhururuka pamusoro pemakomo kana mumamiriro ekunze asina kunaka.
Maitiro Ekupinda Munzvimbo Yendege yeKirasi A
Unoda maitiro chaiwo uye kunyatsoteerera mapuroteni kuti upinde Nzvimbo yendege yeClass AKubudirira kwako kunoenderana nekuita maitiro akakodzera uye kugara uchiziva zvakakupoteredza.
Nzira yekukurukurirana yeATC yekupinda muNzvimbo yeNdege yeClass A
Unofanira kuwana mvumo yeATC yakajeka usati wapinda muClass A Airspace. Kutaurirana kwako kunofanira kutevedzera fomati iyi yakanyatsorongeka:
-Kutanga Kuonana: Kuzivikanwa kwendege yenyika uye chikumbiro
-Kusimbiswa kweKubviswa kweChitupa: Verenga zvakare mabasa ese ekukwirira
-Kushuma Nzvimbo: Chengetedza kutaurirana nezvenzvimbo
-Mamiriro Emidziyo: Taura nezve chero zvikanganiso zvesystem
Kukwira Nepasi Pemhepo
Kurongeka kweATC kunoita basa guru mukuchinja kwako. Matanho aya akakosha paunenge uchikwira munzvimbo dzakaderera dzemuchadenga:
| Phase | Chiito Chinodiwa | Kufungisisa kwakakosha |
|---|---|---|
| Kupinda Pamberi | Seta transponder | Simbisa mashandiro eMode C |
| kuchinja | Tarisa frequency yakapihwa | Chengetedza nzira yawakapihwa |
| Entry Point | Mushumo unosvika kuFL180 | Chinja ku29.92 altimeter |
| Yakasimbiswa | Simbisa mvumo | Ramba uchitaurirana nevanhu vaviri |
Rondedzero yeKuchinja kweNzvimbo yeNdege yeClass A
Zadzisai runyorwa urwu rwezvinhu zvinokosha pakuchinja kwamunenge mava kusvika Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A:
- Zvinodiwa Pamberi Pekupinda
- Tarisa kuti mvumo yeIFR yagamuchirwa
- Simbisa mashandiro eredhiyo yemativi maviri
- Tarisa mashandiro e transponder
- Simbisa mamiriro emuchina wekufambisa
- Equipment Configuration
- Isa altimeter kusvika 29.92 inches Hg paFL180
- Shandisa masisitimu ekufambisa akakodzera
- Gadzirisa maredhiyo ekutaurirana
- Bvumira michina inodiwa yekutarisa
Kutamira kwako ku Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A kunounza shanduko huru pakushanda kwendege. Mabasa ese anofanira kuitwa pasi pemitemo yeIFR. Rambai makabatana neATC panguva yese yekukwira kwenyu uye gadzirirai kuchinja nzira kana zvirambidzo zvekukwira.
Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A mashandiro anoda kuti utarise mafrequency awakarongerwa uye upindure mirairo yeATC nekukurumidza. ATC inofanira kubvumidza zvakajeka chero kutsauka kubva pakukwira kana nzira dzakarongerwa, kunyangwe kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze.
Ndege yako inoda michina chaiyo kuti ishande munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugona kweADS-B Out mushure meNdira 1, 2020. Izvi zvinodiwa zvinobatsira kuchengetedza kutariswa kwakakodzera uye kuparadzaniswa nedzimwe ndege dziri muchikamu ichi chakabatikana.
Kufamba Mukati meKirasi A Airspace
Vatyairi vendege vanofanira kuziva zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha pakufamba: manejimendi yendege, maitiro enzira, uye kushuma nzvimbo. Unyanzvi uhwu hunoratidza kubudirira kwako mumabasa epamusoro-soro.
Kusarudzwa Kwemazinga Endege muNzvimbo Yendege yeClass A
Zvinoda kuti pave nekutevedzana kwakasimba kwezvinodiwa zvekuparadzanisa ndege dzakamira. Unofanira kuchengetedza kupatsanurwa kwakamira kwemamita 1,000 pakati peFL180 neFL410. Ndege dzisiri dzeRVSM dzinofanira kuwedzera kupatsanurwa kusvika pamamita 2,000 pamusoro peFL410.
| Kutungamira kweNdege | Nhanho Inodiwa Yekubhururuka |
|---|---|
| Kuenda kumabvazuva (0-179°) | Zvisingaenzaniswi (FL310, FL330) |
| Kuenda kumadokero (180-359°) | Even (FL320, FL340) |
Kutarisira Nzira Mukati meNzvimbo yeNdege yeClass A
Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A Kufamba-famba kunoda kuti urambe uchitarisa. Mabasa ako panzira dzakagara dziripo anosanganisira:
-Kuchengetedza kuteverwa kwepakati penzira dzemumhepo dzeFederal
-Kutevera nzira dzakananga pakati peNAVAIDs pane dzimwe nzira
-Kugadzirisa mhepo zvakakodzera kuti pave negwara repasi
Kutarisira kumhanya kunoita basa rakakosha. Ramba uchitarisa kumhanya kwemhepo kwawakaratidzwa sezvo kushanda kwacho kuchinyanya kuoma pakukwirira. Uchava nenguva shoma yekuona nekugadzirisa matambudziko ekumhanya pedyo neL/D max (kumhanya kwekudhonza kushoma).
Zvinodiwa paKushuma Zvinzvimbo
Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A mashandiro anoda mishumo yenzvimbo chaiyo uye panguva yakakodzera. Heino fomati yemishumo yenzvimbo yakajairika:
| Report Element | Inodiwa Ruzivo |
|---|---|
| Ndege ID | Chikwangwani chako chekufona |
| nzvimbo | Kugadzirisa/nzira iripo parizvino |
| nguva | Nguva chaiyo yekugadzirisa pamusoro pekugadzirisa |
| Altitude | Danho rekufamba kwendege parizvino |
| Gadziriso Inotevera | ETA uye chiratidzo |
Nyora mishumo yenzvimbo panzvimbo dzinosungirwa kushuma panguva yendege dzeIFR munzvimbo dzakadzorwa. Mishumo iyi inobatsira ATC kuchengetedza kupatsanurwa kwakakodzera uye kugadzirisa kufamba kwemotokari muhurongwa hwese.
Kutarisira nzira zvakanaka kunoda kutarisa mashandiro eRNAV uye kuchengetedza ruzivo rwemamiriro ezvinhu. Sisitimu yako yekufambisa inofanirwa kupa dziviriro yekona yebhangi inosvika nguva pfupi, kunyanya pedyo nekukwirira kwakanyanya.
Ramba wakangwarira zvinhu izvi zvakakosha panguva yekushanda:
-Mamiriro ekunze akakwirira
-Nzvimbo dzisina mhepo inovhuvhuta
-Kusiyana kwekupisa kunokanganisa mashandiro
-Mapatani emhepo epamusoro-soro
Matambudziko Anowanzoonekwa muKirasi A
Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A mashandiro anouya nematambudziko akasiyana anoda kuti ugare wakangwarira uye uine ruzivo. Kuchengetedzeka uye kushanda zvakanaka mumabasa epamusoro-soro zvinoenderana nekunzwisisa kwako matambudziko aya.
Mamiriro ekunze muClass A Airspace
Kubhururuka kunoita kuti unzwe mamiriro ekunze chaiwo anogona kukanganisa rwendo rwako. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti mhepo yakachena inowanzoitika mukati memakiromita mazana maviri kubva pajet stream maxima uye 1.5-4.5km pasi petropopause. Unofanira kugara wakangwarira nezvemamiriro aya:
| Mamiriro Ekunze | Impact Level | nzvimbo |
|---|---|---|
| Mhepo Yakajeka Inotenderera | Severe | Pedyo neJet Streams |
| Chiitiko cheMafungu eGomo | Zviri Pakati Nepakati | Pamusoro peGomo |
| Windshear yepamusoro-soro | eresera | Mhepo Yepamusoro |
| Convective Turbulence | Severe | Pedyo neMadutu |
Kusagadzikana kwemhepo yakasununguka kuchiri dambudziko guru rinokonzera kunonoka kwendege uye kurasikirwa kwehupfumi kunokosha mamiriyoni emadhora gore rega rega.
Kusashanda zvakanaka kweMidziyo paMatunhu Akakwirira
Masisitimu endege yako anotarisana nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Matambudziko aya anowedzera kuoma sezvo kukwirira kunowedzera:
-Kushanda zvakanaka kwekutonhodza kushoma nekuda kwekuwanda kwemhepo
-Kuwedzera kushushikana pamagetsi anopfuura mamita 2,000
-Kukanganisa kwekudzivirira kunokonzerwa nemagetsi akawanda
Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A mashandiro anoda kutariswa zvakanyanya kwemidziyo yako. Data rinoratidza kuti ma electronic controllers anosangana nekuchinja kukuru kwekushanda kwawo pakakwirira, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekutonhodza kunodzikira neanenge 8-10°C pa 4,000 metres.
Kusawirirana Kwemotokari Munzvimbo Yendege yeClass A
Kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwemotokari kunoenderana nezvinhu zvine njodzi. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza zvipingamupinyi zviri mupfungwa yekuti usaone-uye-udzivise. Zvinhu izvi zvinoda kutariswa newe:
| Conflict Type | Kudzivirira Strategy | Inodikanwa Chiito |
|---|---|---|
| Kuparadzaniswa Kwakamira | Chengetedza RVSM | Monitor altitude |
| Kusawirirana Kwemativi | Kutevedzera nzira | Tevedzera mirairo yeATC |
| Kusiyanisa Kwekumhanya | Kuyerera kwemutambo | Gadzirisa kumhanya kwemhepo |
Kurongeka kweATC kunoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa kusawirirana kwemotokari. Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti zvese kunze kwe135 Mandatory Occupancy Reports nezviitiko zvekurasikirwa nekuparadzaniswa zvakaitika apo ndege dzese dziri mbiri dzaive pasi peATC.
Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A Mashandiro endege anoda kuti urambe uchiziva nezvematambudziko aya. Ruzivo rwazvino rwunoratidza kuti vanodzora ndege vanowanzova nendege dziri pasi pavo dzichibhururuka dziri pedyo dzisina kuchengetedzeka pasina kudzorwa kwakasimba. Kuparadzanisa kwakakodzera uye kutevedzera mirairo yeATC ndiwo mabasa ako makuru.
Maitiro Ekukurumidzira Pamusoro peFL180
Kugadzirisa njodzi kunoda kufunga nekukurumidza uye kuita zvinhu nemazvo. Vatyairi vendege vanoziva maitiro ekugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma pavanenge vachishanda pamusoro peFL180 vanogona kuita mutsauko pakati pekugadzirisa kwakabudirira nemugumisiro unogona kuva nenjodzi.
Kukundikana kweMidziyo muNzvimbo yeNdege yeClass A
Mhinduro yako nekukasika inoita basa guru kana ukaona kutadza kwemidziyo mu Nzvimbo yendege yeClass AOngororo dzinoratidza kuti 81% yenjodzi dziri mundege dzinoitika panguva huru yekufamba nendege. Rondedzero yako yekukurumidzira inofanira kusanganisira:
| Kukundikana kweSystem | Primary Action | Secondary Action |
|---|---|---|
| Kudzvinyirira | Usashandise mask yeokisijeni | Tanga kuburuka nekukurumidza |
| Navigation | Chinja kuita backup | Bata ATC nekukasika |
| kutaurirana | Edza kuchinja mafrequency | Seti ye transponder 7700 |
| injini | Ramba uchidzora | Ronga nzira yekudzika |
Njodzi dzekurapa dziri pamusoro peFL180
Njodzi dzekurapa dzinoda kutarisirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwenzvimbo dzakakwirira. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti njodzi dzekurapa dzinoitika mundege dzinosvika 24-130 pavanhu miriyoni imwe chete. Heino nzira yakanaka yekugadzirisa nayo:
| Rudzi rweEmergency | Mhinduro Yokutanga | Zvishandiso Zviripo |
|---|---|---|
| Zviitiko zveMwoyo | Pinda muzvishandiso zvekurapa | Bata rutsigiro rwepasi |
| Matambudziko Okufema | Ipai okisijeni | Ronga kuburuka kana zvichidikanwa |
| Kurwara Kwakanyanya | Ongorora mamiriro ezvinhu | Funga nezvekusiyana-siyana |
Vashandi vemakabhini vanotarisira kusvika ku70% yenjodzi dziri kuitika mundege vasina rubatsiro rwakawedzerwa. Asi paunenge uchishanda, sarudzo yako yekutsaukira kuimwe nzvimbo inofanira kusanganisira zvinotevera:
*Mamiriro ekunze panhandare dzendege dzakasiyana
*Zvinodiwa nemafuta ekufambisa nzira kwenguva yakareba
*Zvivako zvekurapa zviripo panzvimbo dzekutsaudzira
Maitiro Ekuburuka Kwenjodzi dzemuchadenga dzeClass A
Seti chaiyo yemaprotocol inotungamira yako kuburuka kwechimbichimbi kubva Nzvimbo yendege yeClass ARuzivo rwekuchengetedza runoratidza matanho aya panguva yekudzika kwenjodzi:
1. Tendeuka kubva panzira yawakapihwa usati waburuka
2. Zivisa ATC nekukasika kana paine dambudziko
3. Isa transponder ku7700
4. Tarisa kana paine vanhu vakawanda vari pedyo nekuona uye neACAS/TCAS
Aya ma parameter akakosha akakosha pakudzika kwekukurumidzira:
| Phase | Action | Speed Kufunga |
|---|---|---|
| Pakutanga | Isa kusundidzira kusina basa | Zvinobvumidzwa zvakanyanya |
| Pakati pekuzvarwa | Mabhureki ekumhanya kwedhiraivha | Tarisa miganhu yekuvaka |
| Final | Kuronga nzira | Funga nezvenzvimbo |
Vagadziri vazhinji vanokurudzira kushandisa autopilot panguva yekudzika kwenjodzi. Ndege dzemazuva ano dzinowanzova neauto-down inokwanisa kushanda pamusoro peFL400 kana vatyairi vasina kutora matanho mushure mekudzikamisa kushushikana.
Njodzi dzinoda kunyatsotarisirwa pakuparadzaniswa kwemuviri wakamira newakatwasuka. Cherechedza kuti 4-7% yenjodzi dzehutano dziri mundege dzinokonzera kutsauka kwendege. Kumira kwemwoyo (57.9%) uye njodzi dzekusununguka (18.0%) ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzera.
Zvinhu izvi zvinofanirwa kukutungamira mukuita kwako emergency:
-Kudzora ndege
-Kururama kwekufamba
-Kutaurirana neATC
-Kuchengetedzeka kwevatakuri
Mashandiro eKirasi A yepasi rose
Kubhururuka nendege pasi rose kunowedzera kuoma kwekushanda munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Vatyairi vendege vanogona kutungamira matambudziko aya nekugadzirira kwakakodzera uye kutarisisa zvinodiwa nenyika dzese.
Kufunga Nezvekuyambuka miganhu muClass A Airspace
Ndege dzepasi rose dzinoda kugadzirira kunoenderana nezvinodiwa pamuganhu wega wega. Sangano reInternational Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) rakagadzira kurongwa kwendege dzemuchadenga kwakagara kuripo kwemakore makumi matatu nematatu, izvo zvakagadzira hurongwa hunobvumira kushanda kwakafanana pasi rese.
| Rudzi rwekushandisa | kudiwa | Nguva |
|---|---|---|
| Border Kuyambuka | Kuisa maeAPIS | Maminetsi anopfuura makumi matanhatu vasati vaenda |
| Kubata neATC | Nzira mbiri-Radio | Kuenderera mberi panguva yekubhururuka |
| Mishumo yeZvinzvimbo | Kugara uchivandudza | Sezvinodiwa zvemuno |
Zvinodiwa Zvakasiyana zveNyika zveClass A Airspace
Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A mashandiro anofanirwa kuenderana nemitemo chaiyo yenyika imwe neimwe. ICAO inopa nhungamiro dzakajairwa, asi vane masimba endege munyika vanowanzo gadzirisa mitemo iyi kuti ienderane nehurongwa hwavo hwekutarisira nzvimbo dzemuchadenga huripo.
| Nharaunda | Chinodiwa cheNzvimbo yeMhepo yeKirasi A | Kufungisisa kwakakosha |
|---|---|---|
| nyika dzakabatana | IFR Chete | Zvinosungirwa kubuda paADS-B |
| Kanadha | IFR ine michina chaiyo | Mari yeNavCan inoshanda |
| International Waters | ICAO Mitemo | 12nm kubva kumahombekombe |
pasi rose Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A mashandiro anoda kuti vatyairi vendege:
-Ramba uchitaurirana nguva dzose nenzira mbiri
-Tevedzera mitemo yekukwirira kwenzvimbo yako
-Tevedzera zvinodiwa nemidziyo
-Tevedzera zvinodiwa zvemishumo yenyika chaiyo
Magwaro Anodiwa paNzvimbo yeKirasi A
pasi rose Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A mashandiro anoda magwaro akadzama. Pakeji yemagwaro inosanganisira zvinhu zvakananga zvichienderana nekwainoenda uye nzira:
| Chikamu cheMagwaro | Zvinhu Zvinodiwa | Kuvimbika Nguva |
|---|---|---|
| Zvinyorwa zvendege | Kunyoresa, Kukwanisa Kubhururuka Nendege | zvemazuvano |
| Zvitupa zveMutyairi wendege | Rezinesi, Zvekurapa, Chitupa cheRadio | Inoshanda pakubhururuka |
| Magwaro Endege | Hurongwa hweNdege, Kutsanangurwa kweMamiriro ekunze | zvemazuvano |
Zvimwe zvinodiwa zvemagwaro epasi rose Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A Ndege dzinosanganisira:
*Rezenisi yeNhepfenyuro yeRadio yekushanda kwenyika dzese
*Mafomu ekuzivisa nezvetsika
*Kusimbiswa kwekubvumidzwa kwe eAPIS
*Mvumo dzendege
Zvinodiwa zvemidziyo zvinofanira kutariswa zvakanyanya panguva yekushandiswa kwemidziyo yepasi rose Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A Ndege dzemazuva ano. Zvishandiso zvemazuva ano zvekufambisa ndege zvinofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa neICAO pamwe nemitemo yenyika dzakasiyana. Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A mashandiro anogona kuda makodhi akasiyana e transponder uye maitiro ekutaurirana pane endege dzemuno.
Ziva kuti hurongwa hwekubhururuka hweICAO hunofanirwa kuitirwa kune dzimwe nyika Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A mashandiro. Marongero endege anofanira kutsanangura kugona kwemidziyo uye maitiro ekukurumidzira akagadzirirwa mabasa epamusoro-soro. Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A Ndege dzinoda mvumo chaiyo uye magwaro akakodzera mukati merwendo rwese.
Kushanda kwenzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemuchadenga kunowanzo yambuka miganhu yepasi rose neyedunhu. Izvi zvinoda nzira yakabatana yekutarisira kufamba kwendege. Kusiyana kwenzvimbo muhurongwa hwekutarisira kufamba kwendege kunofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo ukuwo kuchichengetedza mwero wakafanana wekuchengetedza munyika dzepasi rose. Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A.
mhedziso
Kubudirira mukati Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A mashandiro anongoda kugadzirira nokungwarira, kuitwa nemazvo, uye kugara wakangwarira. Unofanira kunzwisisa zvese zvinodiwa, kubva pane zvinodiwa nemidziyo kusvika kune emergency.
Kubhururuka nepakati Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A zvinobudirira zvinoda:
-Kuziva zvizere maitiro ekupinda
-Kunyatsotevedzera mitemo yekutaurirana
-Kugadzirisa nekusimbisa michina nguva dzose
-Kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemaitiro emamiriro ekunze
-Kugona kupindura nekukurumidza kana paine emergency
| Chikamu Chinokosha | Kufunga Kwakakosha |
|---|---|
| midziyo | Kuongororwa nguva dzose kwehurongwa hwese |
| kutaurirana | Chengetedza kubatana kweATC nguva dzose |
| Navigation | Tarisa nzvimbo uye kururama kwenzira |
| mamiriro okunze | Gara uchiziviswa nezvemamiriro ekunze akakwirira |
Ruzivo rwehunyanzvi pamwe chete neruzivo rwekushanda zvinovaka hunyanzvi hwako mu Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A Kuchengetedzeka mumabasa epamusoro-soro kunoenderana nekuziva nzira yekufungidzira matambudziko uye kupindura zvakakodzera kana mamiriro ezvinhu achinja.
Kugara uchidzidzira maitiro ekukurumidzira uye kugara uchichinja mitemo zvichavandudza hutano hwako Nzvimbo yendege yeClass A Kuvimbika kwemidziyo, kuziva mamiriro ekunze, uye maitiro akakodzera zvinoita kuti mashandiro enzvimbo dzakakwirira agare akachengeteka uye anoshanda.
Bata Chikwata cheFlorida Flyers Flight Academy India nhasi pa + 91 (0) 1171 816622 kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Private Pilot Ground Chikoro Kosi.
