Ubusazi na ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-80% eenqwelo-moya zorhwebo zibhabha ngaphakathi kwiKlasi A Airspace imihla ngemihla? Le ndawo ilawulwa kakhulu isuka kwi-18,000 feet MSL ukuya kwi-60,000 feet MSL kwaye ifuna izakhono ezichanekileyo zokuhamba ngenqanawa kunye nokuthobela ngokungqongqo imithetho.
Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abaninzi bafumana iimfuno ze-Airspace kunye neenkcukacha zezixhobo zinzima. Iingxaki ezinkulu ziquka unxibelelwano oluqhubekayo lwe-ATC kunye neendlela zemozulu ezinzima kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Wonke umqhubi weenqwelo moya kufuneka abe nobuchule bokulandela imithetho eyinkimbinkimbi equka imiqathango yokuphakama, iimfuno zezixhobo, kunye nemigaqo ethile yendawo.
Eli nqaku liza kukunika izikhokelo ezilithoba ezibalulekileyo zokukunceda ulawule inqwelo-moya yakho ngokuzithemba kwi-Class A Airspace. Uza kufunda yonke into kwimisebenzi ye-Class A Airspace ekufuneka abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaziingcali bayazi, nokuba uceba uhambo lwakho lokuqala oluphezulu okanye ufuna ukuphucula izakhono zakho zokuhamba.
Ukuqonda iziseko zeSithuba seMoto seKlasi A
Iziseko zayo zibalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ababhabha kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Le ndawo yomoya elawulwayo yakha iziseko zokusebenza kweenqwelo-moya zorhwebo nezokusebenza kakuhle.
Inkcazo kunye neMida
Igubungela indawo ephakamileyo yesithuba somoya esilawulwayo esiqala kwi-18,000 feet mean level (MSL) ukuya kuthi ga kwi-Flight Level 600 (malunga ne-60,000 feet MSL). Indawo yokusebenza inesithuba somoya ngaphakathi kwe-12 nautical miles ukusuka elunxwemeni kumazwe angama-48 adibeneyo kunye ne-Alaska.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ukubhabha kwiKlasi A yeSikhundla seMoyeni kufuna ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya balandele le mithetho:
-Zonke iinqwelomoya maziqhutywe phantsi kweMithetho yeNqwelo moya (IFR)
-Unxibelelwano oluqhubekayo lwerediyo oluhamba ngeendlela ezimbini ne-ATC luyimfuneko
-Zonke iinqwelomoya zifumana iinkonzo zokwahlulahlula Ulawulo lwezithuthi zomoya
-Kukho iimeko ezikhethekileyo zokungangeni kwabantu abakhwela izihlangu kunye nabakhweli beenqwelo-moya abakwiindawo eziphakamileyo
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka balandele ngokungqongqo iimfuno zokwahlulwa ngokuthe nkqo. Ukwahlulwa okuthe nkqo okungancitshiswanga kufuneka kugcinwe ubuncinane beenyawo ezingama-2,000, nangona oku kungancitshiswa kube ziinyawo ezili-1,000 ngezixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo ngokukodwa.
Itheyibhile yeeMfuno zeZixhobo
Le theyibhile ineenkcukacha ibonisa izixhobo eziyimfuneko zokusebenza:
| Uhlobo lwezixhobo | Imfuneko | iinkcukacha |
|---|---|---|
| Imithetho Yokubhabha | Isiqinisekiso se-IFR | Kuyimfuneko kuyo yonke imisebenzi |
| uqhagamshelwano | Indlela ezimbini Radio | Unxibelelwano oluqhubekayo luyafuneka |
| Access | DME | Kufuneka ngaphezulu kwe-FL240 xa usebenzisa i-VOR |
| Umtshintshi | Indlela C | Ngobuchule be-ADS-B Out |
| Altimeter | Ukucwangciswa koxinzelelo | Kufuneka ibekwe kwi-29.92 xa ingaphezulu kwe-18,000 feet |
| Isicwangciso seFlight | IFR | Kuyafuneka phambi kokungeniswa |
Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya bafuna zonke ezi nkqubo zixhotyiswe ngokufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba bangene kwi-Class A Airspace. Ngaphezu koko, kwaba yimfuneko emva komhla woku-1 kweyoMqungu, ngo-2020, ukuba zonke iinqwelomoya ezisebenzayo mazifakelwe izixhobo ze-ADS-B Out ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokusebenza.
Izixhobo Ezibalulekileyo Zokukhokela
Ukubhabha ngaphakathi kufuna iseti epheleleyo yezixhobo zokuqhuba ukuze kugcinwe imisebenzi ikhuselekile kwaye icocekile. Inqwelo-moya yakho idinga izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yokubhabha kweKlasi A.
Ii-Avionics ezifunekayo kwimisebenzi ye-Airspace yeKlasi A
Inqwelo-moya yakho kufuneka ibe nee-avionics ezithile ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo ukuze ibhabhe. Nantsi into oyifunayo:
| ICandelo leZixhobo | Imfuneko | Injongo |
|---|---|---|
| uqhagamshelwano | Indlela ezimbini Radio | Unxibelelwano lwe-ATC |
| Access | I-VOR/TACAN okanye i-RNAV | Ukukhangela okuphambili |
| Umtshintshi | Imo C enengxelo yokuphakama | Ukulandelela indawo |
| I-ADS-B | Ubuchule bokuphuma | Ukuhlolwa |
Iinkqubo zoGcino
Ukhuseleko luxhomekeke ekubeni i-redundancy ingasetyenziswanga. Iinkqubo zakho zogcino kufuneka zibandakanye:
* Irediyo yonxibelelwano yesibini kwimisebenzi
*Ezinye iindlela zokukhangela eziquka amandla e-DME/DME
*Iinkqubo zamandla zokugcina idatha kwii-avionics ezibalulekileyo
*Izixhobo zokukhangela ezingxamisekileyo xa kunokwenzeka ukuba i-GPS ingasebenzi
Izixhobo Zokuzulazula Zanamhlanje
Isixhobo sakho sokuhamba kufuneka siquke iinkqubo ezininzi. I-GPS ibe ngumthombo ophambili wokuhamba ngeenyawo ngokutshintshela kwi-FAA ukuya kwi-Performance-Based Navigation (PBN). Kusafuneka wazi indlela yokusebenzisa iinkqubo zemveli ngokufanelekileyo.
I-VOR Minimum Operational Network (MON) inika inkxaso ebalulekileyo yokuxhasa kwi-Class A Airspace. Le nkqubo ikugcina ngaphakathi kweemayile ezili-100 zaselwandle ukusuka kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya ngendlela engeyiyo i-GPS. I-MON inika isimbozo se-VOR esiqhubekayo kwi-5,000 feet AGL kuyo yonke iNkqubo yeSizwe ye-Airspace ngexesha lokungasebenzi kwe-GPS.
Inqwelo-moya yakho ingasebenzisa ezi zixhobo ukuze ikwazi ukuhambahamba kakuhle kwi-Class A Airspace:
*Iindlela ze-RNAV GPS ezisebenza nge-WAAS
*Iinkqubo zokukhangela ze-DME/DME zokulondoloza i-RNAV
*Izikhululo ze-VOR zokuhamba ngenqanawa ngendlela eqhelekileyo
*Iinkqubo zokuNamathela ezingasebenziyo (INS) zokufumana ulwazi olongezelelekileyo malunga nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwekhompyutha
Inkqubo yakho ephambili yokuhamba kufuneka isebenze ngaphambi kokuba isuke. I-FAA icebisa ukulinganiswa kwe-VOR receiver minyaka le ukuze kugcinwe ukuchaneka, ingakumbi xa ufuna ezinye iindlela ze-GPS.
Ucwangciso lwangaphambi kohambo lwenqwelomoya lweKlasi A
Ukhuseleko lokubhabha luxhomekeke kucwangciso oluneenkcukacha ngaphambi kokuba uhambo luhambe. Udinga indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno kunye nemigaqo.
Iimfuneko zeSicwangciso seNdiza kwiMisebenzi yeSithuba seNqanaba A
Kufuneka ufake isicwangciso sendiza se-IFR kwaye ufumane imvume efanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwi-Class A Airspace. Isicwangciso sakho sendiza sifuna ezi nkcukacha:
| ISiqalelo sokuCwangcisa | Imfuneko |
|---|---|
| Imithetho Yokubhabha | I-IFR Kuphela |
| Iikhowudi zezixhobo | /L okanye /G yobuchule be-RNAV |
| IiMfuno zeFuel | Indawo oya kuyo + Enye indawo + imizuzu engama-45 |
| UCwangciso lweNdlela | Iindlela zeenqwelo moya okanye ze-RNAV |
| Ukufakwa kweAltitude | FL180 nangaphezulu |
Izinto Eziqwalaselwayo Ngemozulu Kwindawo Yomoya Yeklasi A
Iipateni zemozulu ezikwindawo ephakamileyo zifuna ingqalelo yakho epheleleyo xa ubhabha kwi-Class A Airspace. Umoya ocacileyo ovuthuzayo kunye neemeko zomkhenkce zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzicinge. Ingcaciso yakho yemozulu kufuneka igubungele oku kulandelayo:
-Iinkqubo zemozulu ezikwindawo ephakamileyo kunye nemijelo yejethi
-Amanqanaba okuqhwa kunye nobunzima
-Uqikelelo lwe-Turbulence kunye ne-PIREPs
-Iindawo ezigubungela iradar yemozulu
-Umsebenzi wamaza eentaba kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo
Iinkcukacha zoCwangciso lweFuel kwi-Airspace yeKlasi A
Imisebenzi yeSithuba seMoyeni seKlasi A ifuna ukubalwa kwepetroli ngokuthe ngqo kunye neendawo ezithile ezigciniweyo. Imithetho ifuna ukuba ucwangcise oku kulandelayo:
-Ipetroli yohambo: Kubalwa ukusuka kwindawo oya kuyo ukuya kwindawo oya kuyo
-Ipetroli enokuQhubekela: 5% yepetroli yokuhamba okanye ixesha lokubamba imizuzu emi-5
-Ipetroli eyahlukileyo: Kwanele ukuba umntu angasondelanga aze andize ukuze atshintshe indlela yakhe yokubhabha
-Indawo yokugqibela yokugcina: imizuzu engama-30 ngesantya sokubamba kwi-1,500 feet
Imisebenzi yokuphakama okuphezulu ikunika iingenelo ezithile. Isibhakabhaka sicacile malunga ne-95% yeendiza ezingaphezu kwe-20,000 iinyawo, kwaye isantya somoya wakho sinyuka ngama-20-25% xa kuthelekiswa nemisebenzi yolwandle.
Eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokuhamba iqala ngokwenza izigqibo kunye ne-ATC kunye neenkonzo zemozulu. Oku kukunika icebo elineenkcukacha kwaye kunciphisa umthwalo wakho xa sele usemoyeni.
Jonga lonke ulwazi lwe-NOTAM oluchaphazela indlela yakho. Jonga ngononophelo imiqathango yexeshana yendiza okanye utshintsho kwiinkqubo ezisemgangathweni ezinokuchaphazela isicwangciso sakho sendiza.
Izicwangciso zakho zokuncedisa kufuneka zibandakanye iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokuhla xa kukho iimeko ezingxamisekileyo ngexesha lomsebenzi. Oku kuba yimfuneko xa ubhabha phezu kweentaba okanye kwimozulu embi.
Iinkqubo zokungena kwi-Airspace yeKlasi A
Udinga iinkqubo ezichanekileyo kunye nengqalelo ebukhali kwiindlela zokusebenza ukuze ungene I-Airspace yeKlasi AImpumelelo yakho ixhomekeke ekwenzeni iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo nokuhlala uqaphela indawo okuyo.
Iprotocol yoNxibelelwano lwe-ATC yokungena kwi-Airspace yeKlasi A
Kufuneka ufumane imvume ecacileyo ye-ATC ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwi-Class A Airspace. Unxibelelwano lwakho kufuneka lulandele le fomathi icwangcisiweyo kakuhle:
-Uqhagamshelwano Lokuqala: Ukuchongwa kwenqwelo-moya yelizwe kunye nesicelo
-Ukuqinisekiswa kokuSusa: Funda yonke imisebenzi yokuphakama
-Ingxelo yesikhundla: Gcina unxibelelwano malunga nendawo
-Imeko yezixhobo: Xela naziphi na iingxaki zenkqubo
Ukunyuka Ngendawo Esezantsi Yomoya
Ulungelelwaniso lwe-ATC ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekutshintsheni kwakho. La manyathelo abalulekile njengoko unyuka kwiiklasi zomoya ezisezantsi:
| Isigaba | Kufuneka isenzo | Iingqalelo ezikhethekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| Ngaphambi kokungena | Seta i-transponder | Qinisekisa ukusebenza kweMode C |
| Utshintsho | Jonga imvamisa eyabelwe | Gcina indlela eyabelweyo |
| Indawo yokungena | Ingxelo ifikelele kwi-FL180 | Tshintshela kwi-altimeter engama-29.92 |
| Ukumiselwa | Qinisekisa imvume | Gcina unxibelelwano oluya macala omabini |
Uluhlu lokuHlola lokuTshintsha kweSithuba seMoyeni seKlasi A
Gqibezela olu luhlu lokujonga utshintsho olubalulekileyo njengoko usondela I-Airspace yeKlasi A:
- Iimfuneko Zangaphambi Kokungena
- Qinisekisa ukuba imvume ye-IFR ifunyenwe
- Qinisekisa ukusebenza kwerediyo emacala mabini
- Jonga ukusebenza kwe-transponder
- Qinisekisa imeko yesixhobo sokuhamba
- Uqwalaselo lweZixhobo
- Seta i-altimeter ibe yi-29.92 intshi Hg kwi-FL180
- Sebenzisa iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuhambisa
- Lungiselela iirediyo zonxibelelwano
- Nika amandla izixhobo zokujonga ezifunekayo
Ukufudukela kwakho I-Airspace yeKlasi A kuzisa utshintsho olukhulu kwimisebenzi yokubhabha. Yonke imisebenzi kufuneka yenziwe phantsi kwemithetho ye-IFR. Hlala unxibelelene ne-ATC kulo lonke ixesha lokunyuka kwakho kwaye ulungele utshintsho lwendlela okanye imiqathango yokuphakama.
I-Airspace yeKlasi A Imisebenzi ifuna ukuba ujonge amaza amiselweyo kwaye uphendule ngokukhawuleza kwimiyalelo ye-ATC. I-ATC kufuneka ivume ngokucacileyo naluphi na utshintsho oluvela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo okanye iindlela ezimiselweyo, nokuba kuthintelwa imozulu.
Inqwelo-moya yakho ifuna izixhobo ezithile ukuze isebenze kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Oku kuquka amandla e-ADS-B Out emva komhla woku-1 kuJanuwari 2020. Ezi mfuno zinceda ukugcina ulwalathiso olufanelekileyo kunye nokwahlulwa kwezinye iinqwelo-moya kweli candelo lixakekileyo.
Ukuhambahamba Ngaphakathi Kwendawo Yomoya Yeklasi A
Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kufuneka bafunde izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo ukuze bakwazi ukuhamba: ulawulo lwenqanaba lokubhabha, ukusebenza kwendlela, kunye nengxelo yesikhundla. Ezi zakhono zimisela impumelelo yakho kwimisebenzi ephakamileyo.
Ukukhethwa kweNqanaba lokubhabha kwiKlasi A yeSithuba seMoyeni
Ifuna ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kweemfuno zokwahlulwa ngokuthe nkqo. Kufuneka ugcine ulwahlulo oluthe nkqo oluncinci lweenyawo ezili-1,000 phakathi kwe-FL180 kunye ne-FL410. Iinqwelo-moya ezingezizo ii-RVSM kufuneka zonyuse ulwahlulo ukuya kwiinyawo ezingama-2,000 ngaphezu kwe-FL410.
| Isalathiso seFlight | Inqanaba lokubhabha elifunekayo |
|---|---|
| Ukuya eMpuma (0-179°) | Okungaqhelekanga (FL310, FL330) |
| Ukuya eNtshona (180-359°) | I-Even (FL320, FL340) |
Ulawulo lweNdlela ngaphakathi kweKlasi A Airspace
I-Airspace yeKlasi A Ukuhambahamba kufuna ingqalelo yakho rhoqo. Uxanduva lwakho kwiindlela ezimiselweyo luquka:
-Ukugcina umkhondo wendlela ephakathi kwimizila yomoya yeFederal
-Ukulandela iindlela ezithe ngqo phakathi kwe-NAVAIDs kwezinye iindlela
-Ukusebenzisa izilungiso ezifanelekileyo zomoya ukugcina umkhondo womhlaba
Ulawulo lwesantya ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni. Hlala ujonge isantya somoya osibonisileyo kuba isandi sokusebenza siya siqina kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Uza kuba nexesha elincinci lokujonga nokulungisa iingxaki zesantya kufutshane nobukhulu be-L/D (isantya sokurhuqa esincinci).
Iimfuno zeNgxelo yeSikhundla
I-Airspace yeKlasi A imisebenzi ifuna iingxelo zesikhundla ezichanekileyo nezifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Nantsi ifomathi yengxelo yesikhundla eqhelekileyo:
| Ingxelo yeNgxelo | Iinkcukucha ezifunekayo |
|---|---|
| Isazisi senqwelomoya | Uphawu lwakho lokufowuna |
| indawo | Ulungiso lwangoku/indawo yendlela |
| ixesha | Ixesha lokwenyani lokulungisa ngaphezulu |
| Ngaphezulu | Inqanaba lokubhabha langoku |
| Ulungiso Olulandelayo | I-ETA kunye nesazisi |
Yenza iingxelo zesikhundla kwiindawo ezinyanzelekileyo zokunika ingxelo ngexesha leenqwelo-moya ze-IFR ezilawulwayo. Ezi ngxelo zinceda i-ATC ukuba igcine ulwahlulo olufanelekileyo kunye nokulawula ukuhamba kwezithuthi kuyo yonke inkqubo.
Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwendlela lufuna ukujonga ukusebenza kwe-RNAV kunye nokugcina ulwazi oluchanekileyo ngemeko. Inkqubo yakho yokuhamba kufuneka ibonelele ngokhuseleko olusecaleni, ingakumbi kufutshane nokuphakama okuphezulu.
Hlala uphaphile kwezi zinto zibalulekileyo ngexesha lomsebenzi:
-Iziganeko zemozulu ezikwindawo ephakamileyo
-Iindawo ezicacileyo zokuxinana komoya
-Utshintsho lobushushu oluchaphazela ukusebenza
-Iipatheni zomoya eziphezulu
Imingeni Eqhelekileyo Kwiklasi A
I-Airspace yeKlasi A imisebenzi iza nemingeni eyahlukileyo efuna ukuba uhlale uphaphile kwaye unolwazi. Ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwimisebenzi ephakamileyo kuxhomekeke ekuqondeni kwakho le mingeni.
Imozulu kwiKlasi A Airspace
Ukubhabha kukubeka kwisimo sezulu esithile esinokuchaphazela uhambo lwakho. Uphando lubonisa ukuba umoya ocacileyo utshintshatshintsha rhoqo ngaphakathi kwe-200km ukusuka kwi-jet stream maxima kunye ne-1.5-4.5km phantsi kwe-tropopause. Kufuneka uhlale uphaphile ngezi meko:
| Imozulu engaqhelekanga | Inqanaba lempembelelo | Indawo |
|---|---|---|
| Sula iNgxaki yoMoya | Kakhulu | Kufuphi neJet Streams |
| Umsebenzi weWave yeeNtaba | Ephakathi-Eqatha | Ngaphezulu kweNtaba |
| I-Windshear ekumgangatho ophezulu | Phakathi | Imisinga yoMoya oPhezulu |
| Convective Turbulence | Kakhulu | Kufuphi neendudumo |
Isiphithiphithi kwi-atmosfera ekhululekileyo siseyeyona ngxaki inkulu ebangela ukulibaziseka kweenqwelo-moya kunye nelahleko kwezoqoqosho ezixabisa izigidi zeerandi minyaka le.
Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo
Iinkqubo zenqwelo-moya yakho zijongene nemingeni eyahlukeneyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ngxaki ziba nzima ngakumbi njengoko ukuphakama kusanda:
-Ukusebenza kakuhle kokupholisa okunciphileyo ngenxa yoxinano lomoya oluphantsi
-Uxinzelelo olunyukileyo kwizinto zombane ezingaphezu kweemitha ezingama-2,000
-Ukwaphuka kobushushu obunokwenzeka kwiisekethe eziphezulu zombane
I-Airspace yeKlasi A imisebenzi ifuna ukujongwa ngokusondeleyo kwezixhobo zakho. Idatha ibonisa ukuba abalawuli be-elektroniki bafumana utshintsho oluphawulekayo ekusebenzeni kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokupholisa kwehla malunga ne-8-10°C kwiimitha ezingama-4,000.
Iingxabano zeTrafikhi kwiKlasi A yoMoya
Ulawulo lweengxabano zendlela luxhomekeke kwizinto ezithile ezinobungozi. Izifundo zibonisa imida kwingcamango yokubona nokuphepha. Ezi zinto zifuna ingqalelo yakho:
| Uhlobo longquzulwano | Isicwangciso soThintelo | Intshukumo efunekayo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukwahlulwa nkqo | Gcina i-RVSM | Beka esweni ukuphakama |
| Iingxabano zasecaleni | Ukunamathela kwithrekhi | Landela imiyalelo ye-ATC |
| Umahluko wesantya | Ukuhamba komdlalo | Lungisa isantya somoya |
Ulungelelwaniso lwe-ATC ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusombululeni iingxabano zendlela. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba zonke ngaphandle kwengxelo enye yeziganeko ezinyanzelekileyo ezili-135 ezimalunga nokulahleka kweziganeko zokwahlukana zenzeka ngelixa zombini iinqwelomoya zaziphantsi kolawulo lwe-ATC.
I-Airspace yeKlasi A Imisebenzi ifuna ukuba uhlale unolwazi ngale mingeni. Idatha yakutshanje ibonisa ukuba abalawuli badla ngokuba neenqwelo-moya eziphantsi kolawulo lwabo ezibhabha kufutshane ngaphandle kolawulo olufanelekileyo. Ukwahlulwahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokulandela imiyalelo ye-ATC zezona mbopheleleko zakho ziphambili.
Iinkqubo zeNgxamiseko ezingaphezulu kwe-FL180
Ukulawula iimeko ezingxamisekileyo kufuna ukucinga ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abaziyo indlela yokusingatha iimeko ezinzima ngelixa besebenza ngaphezulu kwe-FL180 banokwenza umahluko phakathi kwesisombululo esiphumelelayo kunye nesiphumo esinokuba yintlekele.
Ukusilela kwezixhobo kwiKlasi A Airspace
Impendulo yakho ekhawulezileyo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ukuba ufumana ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo I-Airspace yeKlasi AIzifundo zibonisa ukuba i-81% yeengxamiseko zomoya zenzeka ngexesha lohambo oluphambili. Uluhlu lwakho lwezinto ezingxamisekileyo kufuneka luquke:
| Ukusilela kwenkqubo | Inyathelo lokuqala | Intshukumo yesibini |
|---|---|---|
| Uxinzelelo | Musa imaski yeoksijini | Qalisa ukwehla ngexesha likaxakeka |
| Access | Tshintshela kwi-backup | Nxibelelana ne-ATC ngoko nangoko |
| uqhagamshelwano | Zama i-frequency eyahlukileyo | Iseti ye-transponder 7700 |
| injini | Gcina ulawulo | Cwangcisa indlela yokuhla |
Iimeko Ezingxamisekileyo Zezonyango Ngaphezulu kwe-FL180
Iingxamiseko zonyango zifuna ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo ngenxa yendawo ephakamileyo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba iingxamiseko zonyango ezikwinqwelo-moya ezingama-24-130 zenzeka kubantu abakhwela inqwelo-moya ngesigidi esinye. Nantsi indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokuzisingatha:
| Uhlobo oluNgxamisekileyo | Impendulo Yokuqala | Izixhobo ezifumanekayo |
|---|---|---|
| Iziganeko zentliziyo | Ikhithi yezonyango yokufikelela | Qhagamshelana nenkxaso yomhlaba |
| Imiba yokuphefumla | Nika ioksijini | Cwangcisa ukwehla ukuba kuyimfuneko |
| Isigulo esiMandundu | Vavanya imeko | Cinga ngokuphambukisa |
Abasebenzi beekhabhini baphatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70% yeengxakeko xa besiya endizeni ngaphandle koncedo olongezelelweyo. Kodwa ngelixa usebenza, isigqibo sakho sokujika kufuneka siqwalasele oku kulandelayo:
*Iimeko zemozulu kwezinye izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya
*Iimfuneko zepetroli zokuhambisa umzila ixesha elide
*Izibonelelo zonyango ezikhoyo kwiindawo zokuphambukisa
Iinkqubo zokuhla kwiiNgxamiseko zeSithuba seMoyeni seKlasi A
Iseti ethile yeenkqubo ikhokela indlela yakho ukwehla okungxamisekileyo ku I-Airspace yeKlasi AIdatha yokhuseleko ibonisa la manyathelo ngexesha lokuhla ngequbuliso:
1. Jika kwindlela oyinikiweyo ngaphambi kokuba wehle
2.Yazisa i-ATC ngoko nangoko xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo
3. Seta i-transponder ukuya kwi-7700
4. Jonga ithrafikhi ngokubonakalayo nange-ACAS/TCAS
Ezi parameters zibalulekileyo zibalulekile xa kusenzeka ukwehla okungxamisekileyo:
| Isigaba | inyathelo | Ukuqwalaselwa kwesantya |
|---|---|---|
| kokuqala | Seta ukutyhala okungenzi nto | Ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo |
| Ukuzalwa okuphakathi | Sebenzisa iibhuleki zesantya | Jonga imida yesakhiwo |
| Final | Isicwangciso sokuhambisa indlela | Cinga ngomhlaba |
Abavelisi abaninzi bacebisa ukusebenzisa i-autopilot ngexesha lokwehla okungxamisekileyo. Iinqwelomoya zanamhlanje zihlala zine-auto-deescent ability esebenza ngaphezulu kwe-FL400 ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abathathi manyathelo emva kokuthomalaliswa.
Iimeko ezingxamisekileyo zifuna ingqalelo enzulu kokubini ukwahlulwa okuthe nkqo nokuthe tye. Qaphela ukuba i-4-7% yeemeko ezingxamisekileyo zonyango xa ubhabha zikhokelela ekuphambukeni kwenqwelo-moya. Ukuma kwentliziyo (57.9%) kunye neemeko ezingxamisekileyo zokubeleka (18.0%) zezona zinto ziphambili kuluhlu lwezizathu.
Ezi zinto zibalulekileyo kufuneka zikhokele iinkqubo zakho zongxamiseko:
-Ulawulo lweenqwelo moya
-Ukuchaneka kokukhangela
-Unxibelelwano ne-ATC
-Ukhuseleko lwabakhweli
Imisebenzi yeKlasi A yaMazwe ngaMazwe
Ukubhabha kwihlabathi liphela kuzisa ubunzima obungakumbi kwimisebenzi ephakamileyo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokuziqondisa ezi ngxaki ngokulungiselela okufanelekileyo kunye nokuqwalasela iimfuno zamazwe ngamazwe.
Izinto eziqwalaselwayo ngaphaya kwemida kwiKlasi A Airspace
Iinqwelomoya zamazwe ngamazwe zifuna amalungiselelo ahlangabezana neemfuno kuzo zonke iindawo zokuwela umda. I-International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) yenze uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lweenqwelomoya oluneminyaka engama-33 ubudala, oluye lwaseka isakhelo esivumela ukusebenza rhoqo kwihlabathi liphela.
| Uhlobo lomsebenzi | Imfuneko | Isikhathi |
|---|---|---|
| Ukunqumla imida | Ukufaka iifayili ze-eAPIS | Imizuzu engama-60+ ngaphambi kokuba uhambe |
| Uqhagamshelwano lwe-ATC | Indlela ezimbini Radio | Iyaqhubeka ngexesha lokubhabha |
| Iingxelo zeZikhundla | Ukuhlaziywa rhoqo | Ngokweemfuno zasekuhlaleni |
Iimfuno zeLizwe ezahlukeneyo zeSithuba seMoyeni seKlasi A
I-Airspace yeKlasi A imisebenzi mayihambelane nemigaqo ethile yelizwe ngalinye. I-ICAO inika izikhokelo ezisemgangathweni, kodwa amagunya eenqwelo moya zelizwe adla ngokulungelelanisa le mithetho ukuze ihambelane neenkqubo zawo zolawulo lwesithuba somoya ezikhoyo.
| Ummandla | Imfuneko yeSithuba seMoto seKlasi A | Iingqalelo ezikhethekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| eunited States | I-IFR Kuphela | I-ADS-B Out iyimfuneko |
| Khanada | I-IFR enezixhobo ezithile | Iindleko zeNavCan ziyasebenza |
| Amanzi Amazwe Ngamazwe | Imigangatho ye-ICAO | 12nm ukusuka elunxwemeni |
yezizwe ngezizwe I-Airspace yeKlasi A imisebenzi ifuna ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya:
-Gcina unxibelelwano oluqhubekayo oluya macala omabini
-Landela imiqathango yokuphakama kwendawo
-Thobela iinkcukacha zezixhobo
-Namathela kwiimfuno zengxelo zelizwe elithile
Amaxwebhu afunekayo kwiKlasi A Airspace
yezizwe ngezizwe I-Airspace yeKlasi A imisebenzi ifuna amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha. Iphakheji yamaxwebhu ibandakanya izinto ezithile ezisekelwe kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo kunye nendlela:
| Uluhlu loxwebhu | Izinto ezifunekayo | Ixesha lokuqinisekisa |
|---|---|---|
| Amaxwebhu eenqwelomoya | Ubhaliso, Ukufaneleka Komoya | Current |
| Iziqinisekiso zoMlingo | Ilayisenisi, Ezonyango, Isatifikethi seRadio | Isebenza kwinqwelomoya |
| Amaxwebhu eNdiza | Isicwangciso seNdiza, Ingcaciso ngeMozulu | Current |
Iimfuneko ezongezelelweyo zamaxwebhu kumazwe ngamazwe I-Airspace yeKlasi A Iindiza ziquka:
*Ilayisenisi yeSitishi sikanomathotholo semisebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe
*Iifomu zokwazisa ngempahla yesiqhelo
*Ukuqinisekiswa kokuvunywa kwe-eAPIS
*Iimvume eziphathelele iinqwelomoya
Iimfuno zezixhobo zifanele ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo ngexesha leenkqubo zamazwe ngamazwe I-Airspace yeKlasi A iinqwelomoya. Izixhobo zanamhlanje zokukhangela kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho ye-ICAO kunye nemigaqo ethile yelizwe. I-Airspace yeKlasi A imisebenzi ingafuna iikhowudi ze-transponder ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano kunezomoya zasekhaya.
Qaphela ukuba ifomathi yesicwangciso sendiza se-ICAO iyimfuneko kumazwe ngamazwe I-Airspace yeKlasi A imisebenzi. Izicwangciso zeenqwelo-moya kufuneka zichaze iinkcukacha ngezakhono zezixhobo kunye neenkqubo zengxakeko ezikhethekileyo kwimisebenzi ephakamileyo. I-Airspace yeKlasi A Iinqwelomoya zifuna imvume ethile kunye namaxwebhu afanelekileyo kulo lonke uhambo.
Imisebenzi ephezulu yeendawo zomoya idla ngokuwela imida yamazwe ngamazwe neyengingqi. Le nyaniso ifuna indlela edibeneyo yolawulo lwezithuthi zomoya. Umahluko wengingqi kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwezithuthi zomoya kufuneka uqwalaselwe ngelixa kugcinwa imigangatho yokhuseleko engaguqukiyo kumazwe ngamazwe. I-Airspace yeKlasi A.
isiphelo
Impumelelo kwi I-Airspace yeKlasi A Imisebenzi ifuna nje ukulungiswa ngononophelo, ukwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokuphaphama rhoqo. Kufuneka uqonde yonke into ngokweemfuno, ukusuka kwiinkcukacha zezixhobo ukuya kwiinkqubo zongxamiseko.
Ukubhabha phakathi I-Airspace yeKlasi A ifuna ngempumelelo:
-Ukuqhelana ngokupheleleyo neenkqubo zokungena
-Ukunamathela ngokungqongqo kwiindlela zonxibelelwano
-Ukugcinwa nokuqinisekiswa kwezixhobo rhoqo
-Ukuqonda okuneenkcukacha ngeepateni zemozulu
-Iindlela zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo
| Inkalo ebalulekileyo | Ukuqwalaselwa Okubalulekileyo |
|---|---|
| izixhobo | Ukuqinisekiswa rhoqo kwazo zonke iinkqubo |
| uqhagamshelwano | Gcina unxibelelwano lwe-ATC oluqhubekayo |
| Access | Jonga indawo kunye nokuchaneka kwendlela |
| yemozulu | Hlala unolwazi ngeemeko eziphakamileyo |
Ulwazi lobugcisa kunye namava asebenzayo lwakha ubuchule bakho kwi I-Airspace yeKlasi A imisebenzi. Ukhuseleko kwimisebenzi ephakamileyo luxhomekeke ekwazini indlela yokuqikelela imingeni kunye nokuphendula ngokufanelekileyo xa iimeko zitshintsha.
Ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo neenkqubo zongxamiseko kunye nokuhlala unolwazi ngotshintsho olukhoyo kuzakukunceda I-Airspace yeKlasi A Ukuthembeka kwezixhobo, ulwazi malunga neemeko zemozulu, kunye neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.
Nxibelelana neqela leFlorida Flyers Flight Academy India namhlanje apha + 91 (0) 1171 816622 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga Ikhosi yeSikolo saBucala esiLingayo.
