Ukuze naluphi na ushishino lusebenze kakuhle, kufuneka kubekho imithetho yokugcina ucwangco nokhuseleko. Ngaphandle kwayo, imisebenzi ibiya kuba yingxubakaxaka, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingozi ezingeyomfuneko. EIndiya, i- ICandelo loMlawuli wezoKhenketho loLuntu (DGCA) unoxanduva lokujonga nokuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho yeenqwelo moya, iinqwelo moya, kunye nemibutho yoqeqesho lokubhabha isebenza ngaphakathi kwesakhelo esicwangcisiweyo.
Izikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA zowama-2024 zizisa uhlaziyo olubalulekileyo oluya kuyila ukuthobela imithetho yeenqwelo moya ngo-2025. Olu hlaziyo luchaphazela ilayisenisi yabaqhubi beenqwelo moya, iimfuno zoqeqesho, ukugcinwa kweenqwelo moya, kunye nokhuseleko lokusebenza, lujolise ekuqiniseni ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lomoya. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kunye nemibutho yeenqwelo moya kufuneka bathobele le migangatho mitsha ukuze baphephe izohlwayo, ukumiswa emsebenzini, okanye imiba yesatifikethi.
Eli nqaku libonelela ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lokuthobela imithetho olusekelwe kwiZikhokelo zeDGCA zamva nje zika-2024, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo moya, izikolo zeenqwelo moya, kunye neenqwelo moya ziyahlangabezana ngokufanelekileyo nemigangatho ehlaziyiweyo yolawulo ka-2025.
Utshintsho oluPhambili kwiZikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA
ICandelo loLawulo Jikelele lwezoPhapho lwaBantu (i-DGCA) lizise izinto ezintsha Imigaqo yeXesha loMda weNqwelo-moya (FDTL), ukususela ngoJuni 1, 2024, ukunciphisa ukudinwa komqhubi wenqwelo moya nokuphucula ukhuseleko lomoya. Olu hlaziyo luquka amaxesha okuphumla ande, iinkcazo zomsebenzi wasebusuku ezihlaziyiweyo, kunye nemiqathango yokufika ebusuku.
Enye yezona nguqu zibalulekileyo kukwanda kwamaxesha okuphumla evekini ukusuka kwiiyure ezingama-36 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-48, okuqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bafumana ixesha elaneleyo lokubuyela umva phakathi kweenqwelo-moya. Ukongeza, inkcazo yomsebenzi wasebusuku ngoku isusela kwiiyure ezingama-0000 ukuya kwezingama-0600, yongeza iyure eyongezelelweyo ukuze ihambelane ngcono ne Ifestile yeCircadian Low (WOCL)—ixesha elibalulekileyo apho ukudinwa kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza komntu.
Imisebenzi yasebusuku nayo ihlengahlengisiwe, kwaye abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ngoku banqunyelwe kwiiyure ezisi-8 zokugqibela. ubusuku bubhabha kunye nexesha lokusebenza ngenqwelo moya iiyure ezili-10. Ngaphezu koko, inani lokufika okuvunyelweyo ngexesha lomsebenzi ebusuku lincitshisiwe ukusuka kwezintandathu ukuya kwezimbini, inyathelo elijolise ekunciphiseni iziganeko ezinxulumene nokudinwa ngexesha lohambo ngenqwelo moya ebusuku.
Olu hlaziyo lubonisa ukuzibophelela kwe-DGCA ekuqiniseni ukhuseleko lweenqwelo moya ngelixa ijongana neenkxalabo eziphakanyiswe yimibutho yabaqhubi beenqwelo moya malunga neeyure zomsebenzi ezigqithisileyo. Iinqwelo moya kunye nabaqhubi beenqwelo moya kufuneka balungise iindlela zabo zokuhlela abasebenzi ukuze bahlale bethobela le migaqo ihlaziyiweyo.
Iimfuno zeLayisensi yoMqhubi weeNqwelo-moya kunye neMpilo yoNyango
Izikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA zichaza iimfuno ezihlaziyiweyo zelayisenisi yomqhubi wenqwelo moya kunye nokufaneleka kwezonyango, ziqinisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwicandelo leenqwelo moya laseIndiya.
Ukufanelekela ukufumana ILayisensi yokuLitha yoMfundi (SPL), abaviwa kufuneka babe neminyaka eli-16 ubuncinci, ngelixa abo bafuna iLayisensi yoMqhubi waBucala (i-PPL) kufuneka babe neminyaka eli-17 ubudala. Abasaqalayo ukuba ngabaqhubi beeNqwelo-moya zoRhwebo (i-CPL) kufuneka babe neminyaka eli-18 ubuncinci, ngokwemigaqo ye-DGCA.
Ukongeza kwiimfuno zobudala, abaviwa be-CPL kufuneka babe bagqibe imfundo yeFiziksi neMathematika ye-10+2. Le mfuneko yemfundo iqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banolwazi olusisiseko olufunekayo kwimisebenzi yokubhabha.
Ukufaneleka kwezonyango kuhlala kuyinto ebalulekileyo yokufaneleka kuzo zonke iilayisenisi zokuqhuba inqwelo moya. Abafaki-zicelo be-SPL kunye ne-PPL kufuneka bafumane i- Isatifikethi soNyango seKlasi yoku-2, ehlola impilo yomzimba neyengqondo ngokubanzi, kuquka ukubona kunye nokuva. Kwabo bane-CPL, Isatifikethi soNyango seKlasi yoku-1 kuyimfuneko, equka uvavanyo olunzulu lwezonyango oluqhutywa ngabavavanyi bezonyango abavunyiweyo yi-DGCA.
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bahlolwe rhoqo ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kweelayisenisi zabo. Ukungaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yezempilo ehlaziyiweyo ye-DGCA kunokubangela ukumiswa okanye ukulibaziseka kwelayisenisi, okuchaphazela amandla omqhubi weenqwelo-moya okuqhuba ishishini.
Imigaqo yoQeqesho lokuHamba ngeNqwelomoya kwiZikolo zeNqwelomoya zaseIndiya
Ngowama-2024, iCandelo Jikelele leeNqwelomoya zoLuntu (i-DGCA) liqalise uhlaziyo olubalulekileyo ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko loqeqesho lokubhabha eIndiya. Olu tshintsho lwenzelwe ukwenza imigaqo yoqeqesho ibe semgangathweni kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo moya balungele kakuhle imisebenzi yorhwebo.
Uluhlu Lokujonga Ukuthobela Imithetho Yemibutho Yoqeqesho Lweenqwelo-moya Evunyiweyo yi-DGCA (ii-FTO):
- Ukucocwa koKhuseleko: Zonke ii-FTO kufuneka zifumane imvume yokhuseleko kwi-DGCA zingadlulanga iinyanga ezintandathu emva kokukhutshwa kwe- Imfuneko yeenqwelo-moya zasekuhlaleni (i-CAR) Icandelo lesi-4 Uthotho X Icandelo lesi-2, ipapashwe ngoJulayi 8, 2024. Olu gunyaziso luqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko ephantsi.
- Incwadi yokuSebenza: Ii-FTO kufuneka ziphuhlise iinkqubo ezineenkcukacha ezipheleleyo zencwadi yokusebenza kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, kubandakanya iimeko zemozulu ezimbi kunye nemisebenzi engabonakaliyo.
- Iinkqubo zoQeqesho: Ukusekwa kweenkqubo zoqeqesho oluqatha kuyimfuneko, kuquka uqeqesho lokuqala lwasemhlabeni, uqeqesho oluqhutywa emsebenzini (OJT), kunye neemodyuli zoqeqesho eziphindaphindwayo.
- Ingxelo yezehlo kunye neNgozi: Ii-FTO kufuneka zigcine iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha zazo zonke izehlo kunye neengozi, zibike kwi-DGCA kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuba zenzekile.
- Iindibano eziphambili: Ukuqeshwa kwabaphathi bokhuseleko noqeqesho abafanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuze kujongwe ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kunye nemigangatho yoqeqesho.
Isilabhasi yoQeqesho lokuHamba ngeNqwelomoya eHlaziyiweyo kunye neMiyalelo yoQeqesho lweSimulator:
I-DGCA ihlaziye isilabhasi yoqeqesho lokubhabha ukuze ihambelane nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Uhlaziyo oluphambili luquka:
- Uqeqesho oluphuculweyo lweSimulator: Ukufakwa kweeseshoni zokulinganisa eziphambili ukubonelela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ngeemeko ezinokwenzeka, ukuphucula izakhono zabo zokwenza izigqibo kunye nokusingatha iimeko ezingxamisekileyo endizeni.
- Uqeqesho olusekelwe kubuchule: Gxila ekuphuhliseni izakhono ezithile ezifunekayo kwimisebenzi yokubhabha ekhuselekileyo, udlulele ngaphaya koqeqesho oluqhelekileyo olusekelwe kwiiyure.
Utshintsho kwiiYure zohambo ezifunekayo ukuze ufumane iLayisensi:
Nangona imfuneko yesiqhelo yeeyure zokubhabha isekhona, i-DGCA igxininisa ubuchule ngaphezu kokuqokelela iiyure nje. Imibutho yoQeqesho lokuHamba ngeNqwelo-moya iyakhuthazwa ukuba yamkele iinkqubo zoqeqesho eziqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya babonisa izakhono nolwazi olufunekayo, okunokunciphisa iiyure zokubhabha ezifunekayo ngeendlela zoqeqesho ezisebenzayo ngakumbi.
Ukhuseleko Lomoya kunye Nokuthobela Imithetho Yokusebenza Kweenqwelo-moya
Ukuqinisa ukhuseleko lweenqwelo moya, i-DGCA imisele imigaqo engqongqo yeenqwelo moya zorhwebo kunye nemisebenzi yokuqesha. La manyathelo ajolise ekuphuculeni ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yokusebenza kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabakhweli.
Iinkqubo zoKhuseleko eziNgqongileyo:
- Ulawulo loMngcipheko wokudinwa: Ukuphendula kwiinkxalabo malunga nokudinwa komqhubi wenqwelo moya, i-DGCA yazisa imida emitsha yeXesha loMsebenzi weNqwelomoya (i-FDTL) ngoJanuwari 2024. Le mithetho, eqala ukusebenza ngoJuni 1, 2024, ibandakanya amaxesha okuphumla anyusiweyo kunye neenkqubo zokuxela ukudinwa okunyanzelekileyo.
- Uphicotho-zincwadi oluKhethekileyo: I-DGCA imisele ukuba kwenziwe uhlolo olukhethekileyo lweenkampani zeenqwelo moya kunye nee-FTO ukuze kuvavanywe ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko, kunye nohlolo olwenziwe ngamanqanaba agubungela zonke iinkalo zokusebenza.
IiNkqubo zokuSebenza eziHlaziyiweyo (ii-SOP):
- IziCwangciso zokuPhendula ngexesha likaXakeka: Iinqwelo-moya kufuneka zihlaziye ii-SOP zazo ukuze zibandakanye amaqhinga apheleleyo okuphendula xa kukho ingxamiseko, ukuqinisekisa ukulungela iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezingxamisekileyo xa kuqhutywa inqwelo-moya naxa kuqhutywa inqwelo-moya.
- Ulawulo lweziBonelelo zabasebenzi (CRM): Ugxininiso kuqeqesho lwe-CRM ukuphucula unxibelelwano kunye nokwenza izigqibo phakathi kwamalungu eqela ngexesha leemeko ezinzima.
Uqeqesho oluyimfuneko lokuqhuba abaqhubi kunye neekhosi zokuhlaziya:
- UQeqesho olwenziwa rhoqo: Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kufuneka baqhubeke nezifundo zokuhlaziya rhoqo ukuze bahlale benolwazi ngetekhnoloji yamva nje yeenqwelo moya, imigaqo, kunye neendlela zokhuseleko.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwee-Advanced Simulators: Ukufakwa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwiinkqubo zoqeqesho ukuze kubonelelwe abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ngamava okusebenza ngezandla ekusingatheni iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokubhabha.
La manyathelo apheleleyo e-DGCA ajolise ekuphakamiseni ukhuseleko nokusebenza kakuhle kwecandelo leenqwelo moya laseIndiya, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zombini imibutho yoqeqesho lokubhabha kunye neenqwelo moya zilandela imigangatho ephezulu yokusebenza kakuhle.
Izikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA: Imigangatho yoLondolozo lweeNqwelo-moya kunye nokuLungela kwazo ukuHamba
Izikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA zizisa uhlaziyo olubalulekileyo kwimigangatho yokugcinwa kweenqwelo moya kunye nokufaneleka kwazo, zijolise ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko kunye nokwenza kube lula ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kubaqhubi beenqwelo moya.
Iimfuno zamva nje zoHlolo kunye noLondolozo lweeNqwelo-moya zeDGCA:
- Ukuphunyezwa kwe-CAR-M: I-DGCA ikwazisile Iimfuneko zokuQhubela phambili ukuHamba ngeNqwelo moya (CAR-M), isebenza ukususela nge-31 kaJulayi 2024. Lo mmiselo ubonelela ngemigangatho yobugcisa ebanzi kunye nezikhokelo zokufaneleka kokubhabha kweenqwelo-moya kunye namacandelo azo, okusebenza kubo bonke abaqhubi, kuquka iinkonzo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye neenkonzo ezingacwangciswanga.
- Intshayelelo ye-CAR-ML kunye ne-CAR-CAO: Ukunciphisa umthwalo wokuthobela imithetho kubaqhubi beenqwelo moya abangacwangciswanga kunye nabaqhubi beenqwelo moya ngokubanzi, i-DGCA iqalise i-CAR-ML (Maintenance Light) kunye ne-CAR-CAO (Combined Airworthiness Organisation). Le mithetho, ehambelana nemigangatho ye-European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), yenza kube lula iimfuno zokufaneleka kweenqwelo moya kwiinqwelo moya ezilula kunye nabaqhubi abangengabo abathengisi.
Imiyalelo emitsha yokuqinisekiswa kokufaneleka komoya kunye nokuhlolwa kweengxelo:
- Iinkqubo zeSatifikethi eziphuculweyo: Abaqhubi ngoku kufuneka balandele iinkqubo zokuqinisekiswa ezihlaziyiweyo phantsi kweCAR-M, beqinisekisa ukuba yonke imisebenzi yokulungisa ihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko yamva nje. Oku kuquka uhlolo-zincwadi oluqhelekileyo kunye novavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo ye-DGCA.
- Iinkqubo eziLungelelanisiweyo zeenqwelo-moya eziKhaphukhaphu: Phantsi kweCAR-ML kunye neCAR-CAO, i-DGCA yenze lula iinkqubo zokuqinisekiswa kunye nokugcinwa kweenqwelo-moya ezikhaphukhaphu, inciphisa imithwalo yolawulo ngelixa igcina imigaqo yokhuseleko engqongqo.
Uluhlu lokujonga ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweMithetho yoLondolozo:
- Qhelana neMithetho eHlaziyiweyo: Abaqhubi kufuneka baqonde ngokupheleleyo imiqathango ye-CAR-M, i-CAR-ML, kunye ne-CAR-CAO ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke imisebenzi yokulungisa ihambelana nemigangatho ye-DGCA.
- Phuhlisa iiNkqubo zoLondolozo eziBanzi: Misela iishedyuli zolondolozo ezineenkcukacha kunye neenkqubo ezihambelana neemfuno zamva nje zokufaneleka komoya.
- Qhuba uQeqesho rhoqo: Qinisekisa ukuba bonke abasebenzi bokulungisa baqeqeshwe kwaye bahlaziywa ngemigaqo neenkqubo ezintsha.
- Sebenzisa uGcino-zincwadi Oluqinileyo: Gcina iirekhodi ezichanekileyo nezihlaziyiweyo zayo yonke imisebenzi yokulungisa, uhlolo, kunye neziqinisekiso.
- Cwangcisa uPhicotho lwamaxesha athile: Hlola rhoqo iinkqubo zokugcinwa kunye neendlela zokusebenza ukuze uchonge kwaye ulungise naziphi na iingxaki zokungathobeli imithetho ngokukhawuleza.
Ngokulandela olu luhlu lokuhlola, abaqhubi banokuqinisekisa ukuba bayayithobela iMigaqo yeDGCA yamva nje, ngaloo ndlela bephucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza kweenqwelo-moya zabo.
Izikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA: Imigaqo yoMsebenzi wokuHamba ngeNqwelomoya kunye neXesha lokuphumla
The Izikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA icebisa uhlengahlengiso kwi-Flight Duty Time Limitations (FDTL) ukuze kujongwane nokudinwa komqhubi wenqwelomoya kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lokubhabha. Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela ngoFebruwari 2025, olu tshintsho aluzange lwenziwe ngenxa yengxoxo eqhubekayo kunye nempendulo kushishino.
Uhlaziyo olucetywayo kwiMida yeXesha loMsebenzi weNqwelo-moya (FDTL):
- Amaxesha Okuphumla Andisiweyo Eveki: Izikhokelo ezicetywayo zicebisa ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bandise ukuphumla kweveki ukusuka kwiiyure ezingama-36 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-48 ukuqinisekisa ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuchacha.
- IiYure Zomsebenzi Wasebusuku Ezichazwe Kabutsha: Ukulungisa inkcazo yomsebenzi wasebusuku ibe phakathi kweeyure ezingama-0000 ukuya kwezingama-0600, ulwandise ngeyure enye ukuze luhambelane ngcono nesantya se-circadian.
- Imisebenzi yasebusuku ethintelweyo: Ukunciphisa ixesha lokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya ebusuku libe ziiyure ezisi-8 kunye nenani lokufika ngexesha lomsebenzi ebusuku libe zimbini, ngenjongo yokunciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nokudinwa.
Imeko yangoku kunye nempendulo yoShishino:
Nangona isindululo sokuqala sasenziwa ngoJanuwari 2024, i-DGCA yalibazisa umhla wokugqibela wokuphunyezwa kwe-1 kaJuni emva kokuba iinkampani zeenqwelo moya ziveze inkxalabo malunga nemingeni yokusebenza kunye nokurhoxiswa kweenqwelo moya okunokwenzeka. Ukusukela ngoDisemba 2024, iingxoxo ziyaqhubeka, apho abachaphazelekayo befuna indlela elungeleleneyo yokujongana nokhuseleko ngaphandle kokubeka umthwalo ongeyomfuneko kwimisebenzi yeenqwelo moya.
Izohlwayo zokungathobeli iMithetho yoMsebenzi wokuHamba ngenqwelomoya:
Nangona imithetho ecetywayo isahlolwa, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho ekhoyo ye-FDTL kusayimfuneko. Ukungathobeli imithetho kunokubangela izohlwayo, kuquka nezohlwayo kunye nemiqathango yokusebenza. Umzekelo, ngoMatshi 2024, inkampani yeenqwelo-moya yahlawuliswa i-₹8 yezigidi ngenxa yokwaphula imithetho yexesha lomsebenzi wokubhabha kunye nolawulo lokudinwa.
Abaqhubi bayacetyiswa ukuba bahlale benolwazi malunga nexesha lokugqitywa kunye nokuqaliswa kohlaziyo olucetywayo lwe-FDTL ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kunye nokugcina ingqibelelo yokusebenza.
Olu hlaziyo lubonisa ukuzibophelela kwe-DGCA ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko lweenqwelomoya ngemigaqo ebanzi ejongene neenkqubo zokugcinwa kweenqwelomoya kunye nemisebenzi yabasebenzi.
Isikhokelo samva nje se-DGCAs: Uluhlu lokujonga iMithetho yeDrone kunye noLawulo lweMithetho
Izikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA zizisa utshintsho oluphambili kwimithetho yeedrone eIndiya, zigxile ekuphuculeni ilayisenisi, ukuthobela imithetho yokusebenza, kunye nemigangatho yoqeqesho. Imithetho yeDrone (uLungiso), ka-2024 benze lula inkqubo yokubhalisa ngokuvumela ubungqina bokuzazisa obukhutshwe ngurhulumente obufana ne-Voter ID okanye iLayisensi yokuqhuba endaweni yepasipoti. Ukongeza, zonke iidrone ngoku kufuneka zibhaliswe ngeDigital Sky Platform, ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ukubekwa esweni kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.
Ukwahlulwahlulwa kweeDrone kunye neemfuno zeLayisensi
Iidrone zihlulwe ngokwesisindo sazo, kwaye udidi ngalunye luneemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kunye nelayisenisi. Iidrone zeNano (ezinobunzima obufikelela kwi-250 grams) azifuni siqinisekiso sokuqhuba esikude ukuze zisetyenziswe ngaphandle kwezorhwebo, ngelixa iidrone ezincinci (250 grams ukuya kwi-2 kg) nazo zihlala zikhululekile ngaphandle kokuba zisetyenziselwa iinjongo zoshishino. Nangona kunjalo, iidrone ezincinci, eziphakathi, kunye nezinkulu—ezinobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-2 kg—kufuneka zivavanywe ngabantu abanesiqinisekiso sokuqhuba esikude esivunyiweyo yi-DGCA.
Ukuphucula uxanduva kunye nokhuseleko, abaqhubi beedrone—ngaphandle kwabo basebenzisa iidrone ze-nano ukuzisebenzisela bona—ngoku kufuneka bafumane i-inshurensi yomntu wesithathu. Le polisi inceda ekuhlawuleni umonakalo okanye amatyala xa kwenzeka iingozi okanye ukungaphumeleli kokusebenza.
Ukuthobela imithetho yemibutho yoQeqesho lwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ekude (ii-RPTO)
I-DGCA ikwaqinise ukuthotyelwa kweMibutho yoQeqesho lwaBaqhubi abakude (ii-RPTO). Nayiphi na i-RPTO kufuneka ibhaliswe kwi-DGCA, iqinisekise ukuba abaqeqeshi bahlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yobungcali. Abafundisi-ntsapho kufuneka babe neziqinisekiso zokuqhuba abakude ezisebenzayo kwaye bagcine amava abhaliweyo kwimisebenzi yeedrone. Ukongeza, ii-RPTO kufuneka zibonelele ngeenkqubo zoqeqesho ezicwangcisiweyo kwaye zisebenze ngaphakathi kwezibonelelo ezivunyiweyo ezixhotyiswe zombini ukufundiswa kwigumbi lokufundela kunye noqeqesho lokubhabha oluqhutywa ngesandla.
Ngezi Zikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA, urhulumente ujonge ukulawula ishishini le-drone ekhula eIndiya, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-drone okukhuselekileyo, okusemthethweni, nokusebenza kakuhle kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya uthutho, ukujonga, kunye nezolimo.
Izikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA malunga noLawulo lweNdlela yoMoya kunye neMithetho yoNxibelelwano
Njengoko izithuthi zomoya eIndiya ziqhubeka zisanda, iZikhokelo zamva nje zeDGCA zigxile ekuphuculeni ulawulo lwezithuthi zomoya (ii-ATM) kunye nokuphucula iinkqubo zonxibelelwano ukuphucula ukhuseleko lokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Enye yezona zihlaziyo ziphambili kukuphunyezwa kwe Unxibelelwano noGcino oluSekelwe kuMsebenzi (PBCS), nto leyo ephucula unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-ATC ne-pilot ngexesha langempela, ukunciphisa iimpazamo zonxibelelwano kunye nokuphucula ulwazi lweemeko.
I-DGCA ikwandise uNxibelelwano lweDatha yoLawulo-uMqhubi weDatha (i-CPDLC) ukuze lubandakanye amacandelo amaninzi okubhabha. Olu tshintsho luvumela abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kunye nabalawuli beenqwelo moya ukuba batshintshiselane ngemiyalezo yedijithali endaweni yokuxhomekeka kuphela kunxibelelwano lwelizwi, ukunciphisa ukungaqondani kunye nokuphucula ukulungelelaniswa kwesithuba somoya.
Uphuculo lokuHamba kunye noKhuseleko lwe-Intanethi
Kwimizamo yokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kweendawo zomoya kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwepetroli, i-DGCA iyalela ukuba kutshintshelwe kwilizwe lonke kwi-Performance-Based Navigation (PBN). Lo mgangatho mtsha wokuhambahamba unceda iinqwelomoya ukuba zilandele iindlela zokubhabha ezichanekileyo, ukunciphisa ukuxinana kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukongeza, izakhiwo zeendawo zomoya ziye zahlengahlengiswa ukuze zilungele ukwanda kwezithuthi, ukuqinisekisa iindlela zokubhabha ezikhuselekileyo nezicwangcisiweyo.
Ngaphaya konxibelelwano kunye nokuhambahamba, ukhuseleko lwe-cybersecurity lweenqwelomoya luye lwavela njengeyona nto iphambili kwiZikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA. Iinqwelomoya, amaziko olawulo lwezithuthi zomoya, kunye neziseko ze-IT zeenqwelomoya kufuneka ngoku zisebenzise amanyathelo aqinileyo okhuseleko lwe-cyber ukukhusela kwiingozi ze-cyber ezinokubakho. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kokhuseleko kunye novavanyo lobuthathaka kwenziwe kwaba yimfuneko, kwaye iingcali zeenqwelomoya kufuneka zenze njalo. uqeqesho lokhuseleko lwe-intanethi rhoqo ukuhlala unolwazi ngezoyikiso ezivelayo.
Ngokwamkela le mithetho ihlaziyiweyo, i-DGCA iqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yolawulo lwezithuthi zomoya yaseIndiya ihlala ikwimeko yanamhlanje, ikhuselekile, kwaye isebenza kakuhle, ihambelana nemigangatho yeenqwelo moya zehlabathi.
Izohlwayo kunye neziphumo zomthetho zokungathobeli umthetho
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweZikhokelo zeDGCA zamva nje akuyomfuneko nje yomthetho kodwa yimfuneko yokugcina ukhuseleko lokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwiinqwelomoya zaseIndiya. ICandelo loLawulo Jikelele lwezoPhapho lwaBantu (iDGCA) linyanzelisa izohlwayo eziqatha zokwaphulwa kwemithetho, ukusuka kwizohlwayo ukuya ekumisweni kokusebenza. Iinqwelomoya, abaqhubi beenqwelo moya, kunye nemibutho yeenqwelo moya kufuneka zilandele iZikhokelo zeDGCA zamva nje ukuze kuthintelwe iziphumo zomthetho kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba imisebenzi iyaqhubeka.
Iintlawulo, ukuMiswa, kunye namanyathelo asemthethweni okwaphula izikhokelo ze-DGCA
Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela iZikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA zowama-2024 kunokubangela isohlwayo esibalulekileyo. NgokweMithetho ye-DGCA Aircraft, ukwaphulwa kwemithetho kungakhokelela kwisohlwayo esifikelela kwi-₹5 lakh, ukumiswa kweelayisenisi, okanye nokuvalelwa entolongweni ukuya kuthi ga kunyaka omnye. Amatyala akutshanje abonise ukuba i-DGCA iqinise amanyathelo ayo okunyanzelisa umthetho ngokuchasene nabaqhubi abangathobeliyo imithetho.
Umzekelo, ngoJanuwari 2025, inkampani yeenqwelo-moya yahlawuliswa i-₹30 lakh ngokuvumela umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukuba asebenze ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamva nje. Ngokufanayo, ngo-Agasti 2024, i-Air India Express yajongana nesohlwayo se-₹10 lakh ngokungaphumeleli ukuthobela imithetho yembuyekezo yabakhweli. La matyala agxininisa indlela engqongqo ye-DGCA yokunyanzelisa iMigaqo yamva nje ye-DGCA kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabakhweli.
Uphicotho-zincwadi lokuthobela imithetho kunye namanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yi-DGCA
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweZikhokelo zeDGCA zamva nje, iqumrhu elilawulayo lenza uhlolo rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa kweenqwelo moya, izikolo zeenqwelo moya, kunye nezibonelelo zolondolozo. Olu hlolo luvavanya ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko, iimfuno zoqeqesho lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya, kunye nemigangatho yokusebenza. Ukuba ukwaphulwa komthetho kuchongiwe, iinqwelo moya kunye nemibutho zinokufumana izaziso ezibonakalayo, izohlwayo zemali, okanye imiqathango yokusebenza.
Umzekelo, ngoJuni 2024, uphicotho lwe-DGCA lufumanise ukuba kukho ukungazinzi kokhuseleko kwiinkqubo zokugcinwa kwenqwelo moya, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuthathweni kwezinyathelo zokulungisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nezohlwayo zemali. Oku kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuhlala uhambelana neZikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA zowama-2024 ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka kwimisebenzi yeenqwelo moya.
Izifundo zeTyala lokuPhulwa kweMithetho yangaphambili kunye neziphumo zayo
- Ukwaphulwa koMthetho woHlaziyo lwe-Air India Pilot (uJanuwari 2025): Umqhubi wenqwelo moya wayeqhuba inqwelo moya ngaphandle kokuthobela izikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA zokugcina ukusebenza kusenzeka ngoku. Oku kuphumele ekubeni R30 lakh ilungile kunye namanyathelo okululeka nxamnye nenkampani yeenqwelo-moya.
- Ukungathobeli iNtlawulo yabaPhathi be-Air India Express (Agasti 2024): Le nkampani yeenqwelo-moya yaphule imithetho yembuyekezo yabakhweli echazwe kwiZikhokelo zeDGCA zamva nje zika-2024, nto leyo ekhokelele kwisohlwayo se-₹10 lakh kunye nokuhlaziywa komgaqo-nkqubo okunyanzelekileyo.
Le mizekelo ibonisa iziphumo ezibi zokungathobeli iZikhokelo zeDGCA zamva nje kunye nesidingo sokuba imibutho yeenqwelo moya ihlale inolwazi ngeemfuno zomthetho.
Indlela Yokuhlala Unolwazi Oluhlaziyiweyo Nokuqinisekisa Ukuthobela Imithetho
Ukuhlala unolwazi malunga neZikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA kubalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelo moya, iinkampani zeenqwelo moya, kunye nezikolo zeenqwelo moya ukuze kugcinwe ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kunye nokuphepha izohlwayo. ICandelo Jikelele leeNqwelo moya lihlala lihlaziya imithetho yalo ukuphucula ukhuseleko, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuhambelana nemigangatho yeenqwelo moya zehlabathi.
Izixhobo zabaqhubi beenqwelo moya, iindiza, kunye nezikolo zeenqwelo moya ukuze zihlale zihambelana
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa okuqhubekayo kweZikhokelo zeDGCA zamva nje, iingcali zeenqwelo moya kufuneka zijonge rhoqo izixhobo ezikhutshwe yiDGCA kunye nohlaziyo lweshishini. Ezinye zezixhobo eziphambili ziquka:
- Iwebhusayithi Esemthethweni ye-DGCA: Umthombo oyintloko wazo zonke iingcaciso ezikwiZikhokelo zeDGCA zamva nje, kuquka iisetyhula, izilungiso, kunye nemiyalelo emitsha yokuthobela imithetho.
- Iphothali ye-eGCA: Iqonga le-e-Governance of Civil Aviation (eGCA) libonelela ngeenkonzo zokufumana ilayisenisi yabaqhubi beenqwelo moya, ukuvunywa, kunye nokubeka esweni ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kubaqhubi beenqwelo moya kunye nemibutho yeenqwelo moya ukuze bahlale benolwazi.
- IiForam zoShishino kunye neeNcwadi zeenqwelo-moya: Ukubhalisela kwiimpapasho zeenqwelo-moya kunye neeforam kunceda abachaphazelekayo kushishino bahlale benolwazi ngotshintsho lwakutshanje kwiZikhokelo zeDGCA zamva nje kunye nempembelelo yazo kwimisebenzi.
Iinkqubo zoQeqesho eziVunywe yi-DGCA kunye neeWorkshops zokuThobela imithetho
Izikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA zigxininisa ukubaluleka kwemfundo eqhubekayo kunye noqeqesho lokuthobela imithetho. I-DGCA ivume amaziko oqeqesho aliqela anikezela ngeenkqubo ezikhethekileyo ezigubungela ukhuseleko lweenqwelo moya, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kunye neendlela ezilungileyo zokusebenza.
Ukongeza, ii-workshops kunye neeseminari zokuthobela imithetho ye-DGCA zihlala zibanjwa ukwazisa iingcali zeenqwelo moya malunga notshintsho kwiZikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA. Ezi seshoni zibonelela ngengqiqo kwimithetho emitsha, iindlela zoshishino, kunye namaqhinga asebenzayo okugcina ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho.
Ukubaluleka Kokuphonononga Iisetyhula Nezaziso ze-DGCA Rhoqo
Ukuze kuthintelwe izohlwayo kunye namanyathelo asemthethweni, imibutho yeenqwelo-moya kufuneka ihlaziye rhoqo iisetyhula ze-DGCA kunye nezaziso. Olu hlaziyo lubonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo malunga:
- Imigaqo emitsha kunye nezilungiso ezivezwe kwiZikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA.
- Utshintsho olusebenzayo oluchaphazela uqeqesho lokubhabha, ukugcinwa kweenqwelo-moya, kunye neenkqubo zeenqwelo-moya.
- Imiyalelo yokhuseleko kunye neemfuno zokuthobela imiqathango yomsebenzi wokubhabha, ilayisenisi yomqhubi wenqwelo moya, kunye nemisebenzi yeedrone.
Ngokubeka esweni olu hlaziyo kunye nokusebenzisa utshintsho olufunekayo, abaqhubi beenqwelo moya, iinqwelomoya, kunye nezikolo zeenqwelo moya zinokuhlala zithobela iZikhokelo zeDGCA zamva nje ngelixa ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kweenqwelo moya okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo.
isiphelo
Ukuthobela iZikhokelo zeDGCA zamva nje kubalulekile ekugcineni ukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho kwicandelo leenqwelo moya laseIndiya. Ezi zikhokelo zilawula iinkalo ezibalulekileyo zelayisenisi yomqhubi wenqwelo moya, uqeqesho lokubhabha, ukugcinwa kweenqwelo moya, imigaqo yeedrone, kunye nokhuseleko lokusebenza, ukuqinisekisa ukuba eli shishini lihambelana nemigangatho yeenqwelo moya zehlabathi.
Iingcali zeenqwelo moya, iinkampani zeenqwelo moya, izikolo zeenqwelo moya, kunye nabaqhubi beedrone kufuneka bahlale benolwazi ngemithetho eguqukayo ye-DGCA ukuze kuthintelwe isohlwayo, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okungenaziphazamiso, kwaye kuphuculwe ukhuseleko lweenqwelo moya. Ukungathobeli imithetho kunokubangela izohlwayo zemali, ukumiswa kweelayisenisi, okanye amanyathelo asemthethweni, nto leyo egxininisa ukubaluleka kokujonga rhoqo iisetyhula ze-DGCA, izaziso, kunye nokuhlolwa kokuthobela imithetho.
Ukuze bahlale benolwazi, abachaphazelekayo kufuneka babhekisele kwizixhobo ezisemthethweni ze-DGCA, kuquka:
- Iwebhusayithi Esemthethweni ye-DGCA: Umthombo oyintloko wazo zonke izikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA, iisetyhula, kunye nemigaqo yeenqwelo-moya.
- Iphothali ye-eGCA: Iqonga eliphakathi leelayisenisi zomqhubi wenqwelo-moya, ukuvunywa kweenqwelo-moya, kunye namaxwebhu okuthobela imithetho.
- Iinkqubo zoQeqesho kunye neeWorkshops ezivunyiweyo yi-DGCA: Kubalulekile ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kunye nabaqhubi beenqwelo moya bahlale benolwazi malunga notshintsho olusemthethweni kunye neendlela ezilungileyo zoshishino.
Ukuziqhelanisa neZikhokelo zamva nje ze-DGCA akupheleli nje ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zomthetho—kukwamalunga nokukhuthaza inkqubo yeenqwelo-moya ekhuselekileyo nenoxanduva. Ngokuhlala uthobela imithetho, uphucula ulwazi rhoqo, kunye nokulandela uhlaziyo olusemthethweni lwe-DGCA, ishishini leenqwelo-moya laseIndiya linokugcina imigangatho yalo yokhuseleko ephezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ukuze ufumane uhlaziyo lwamva nje lwemithetho, ndwendwela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeCandelo loLawulo Jikelele lwezoPhapho lwaBantu kwaye uqinisekise ukuba imisebenzi yakho yeenqwelo moya ihlala ihlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo.
Qha ga mshelana Florida Flyers Flight Academy India Iqela namhlanje e + 91 (0) 1171 816622 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neKhosi yeSikolo saBucala esiLingayo.
