I-Hypoxia kwinqwelomoya yenye yezona zinto zingathandekiyo kukhuseleko lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya. Ayibangeli ngxolo, ayibangeli zi-alamu, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi—ayikuniki silumkiso ngaphambi kokuba isuse amandla akho okucinga, ukubona, okanye ukwenza.
At ukuhamba ngomkhumbi, amanqanaba eoksijini aphantsi kakhulu kunaselwandle. Njengoko unyuka phezulu, ingqondo yakho kunye nemisipha yakho ziqala ukulamba ngaphandle kweoksijini eyongezelelweyo—nangona usenokuziva “uphilile” ngelo xesha. Yiloo nto eyenza i-hypoxia ibe yingozi kakhulu: xa kuvela iimpawu, usenokuba sele ukhubazekile kakhulu ukuba ungasindisa uhambo.
Ukususela ekungaboni kakuhle nasekudidekeni ukuya ekulahlekelweni ngokupheleleyo zingqondo, i-hypoxia inokukhubaza i-pilot ekwaziyo ngokupheleleyo ngemizuzwana—ingakumbi ngaphezulu kweenyawo ezili-18,000. Ngokungafaniyo nokusilela koomatshini, akukho luhlu lokuhlola oluncedayo xa ingqondo yakho ingasasebenzi kakuhle.
Esi sikhokelo sigubungela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga ne-hypoxia kwinqwelomoya—isayensi engasemva kwayo, iimpawu ekufuneka uzibone, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hypoxia, into omawuyenze xa ubhabha, kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya oqeqeshiweyo okanye onqwenelayo.
Kuba kwiinqwelomoya, ulwazi alunyanzelekanga. Kukusinda.
Yintoni i-Hypoxia kwi-Aviation?
Hypoxia Kwinqwelomoya kubhekiselwa kwimeko apho umzimba womqhubi wenqwelomoya ungenawo umoya owaneleyo xa uphezulu. Nangona ioksijini isenokuba isekhona emoyeni, uxinzelelo oluncinci luyehla njengoko ukuphakama kusanda, oko kuthetha ukuba imiphunga yakho ayinakukwazi ukufunxa ioksijini eyaneleyo egazini—nokuba uphefumla ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
Ngamafutshane, umzimba wakho uyaphefumla, kodwa ingqondo yakho iyafuthanisela.
Kwinqanaba lolwandle, ukugcwala kweoksijini kuphantse kube yi-98–100%. Kodwa ngaphezulu kweenyawo ezili-10,000, umoya uba “mxinwa,” kwaye iimolekyuli zeoksijini zisasazeke kakhulu ukuba zingaxhasa ukusebenza kwengqondo nomzimba okuqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, abaqhubi beenqwelo moya baqala ukuba nokusebenza kwengqondo okuwohlokileyo, ukugweba okuphazamisekileyo, izakhono zomzimba ezinciphileyo, kunye neempendulo ezilibazisekileyo—zonke ezi zinto zibalulekileyo kwi-cockpit.
Okukhona usiya phezulu, kokukhona ezi ziphumo zikhawuleza. Yiyo loo nto ukubhabha kwindawo ephakamileyo—ingakumbi ngaphezulu kweenyawo ezili-12,500—kufuna ioksijini eyongezelelweyo kunye nokujonga ngononophelo uxinzelelo lwekhabhathi, ubude bexesha, kunye nezixhobo.
Kwinqwelo-moya, i-hypoxia ayisiyonto ingacingelwayo. Yingozi yokwenyani nehlala ikho kwiinqwelo-moya ezingenaxinzelelo kunye nokuba ucinezelo lungaphumeleli kwiijethi ezinkulu. Ukuyiqonda kwangoko—nokuthatha amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza—kunokuthetha umahluko phakathi kokwehla okulawulwayo kunye nokulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kwenqwelo-moya.
Kutheni Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baqonde i-Hypoxia
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baqeqeshwe ukulawula iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo, ukusabela kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo, nokwenza izigqibo zobomi okanye ukufa ngemizuzwana. Kodwa akukho nto ibalulekileyo ukuba i-hypoxia iyenzakalisa ingqondo yakho kwindawo ephakamileyo buthule.
Ngokungafaniyo ukusilela kwenjini yeenqwelo-moya okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo, i-hypoxia ayizi nezibane zesilumkiso. Ingena kancinci kancinci—ichaphazela umbono wakho, inkumbulo, ulungelelwaniso, kunye nokugweba—ngamaxesha amaninzi ngaphandle kokuba uqaphele ukuba kukho into engalunganga. Yiyo loo nto iyingozi kangaka: ingqondo yakho yinkqubo yokuqala ukusilela, kwaye iyasilela buthule.
Izifundo ezenziwe yi-FAA kunye neegunya zeenqwelo moya zomkhosi zibonisa ukuba nabaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanamava badla ngokuphoswa ziimpawu zokuqala zokunqongophala kweoksijini. Kwimisebenzi ephakamileyo, umda phakathi kokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kunye nokukhubazeka ngokupheleleyo unokuba mfutshane njengoko I-20 ukuya kwimizuzwana eyi-30—ingakumbi kwiikhabhathi ezingacinezelwanga okanye ngexesha lokulahlekelwa koxinzelelo lwekhabhathi kwindawo ephakamileyo yokuhamba ngenqanawa.
Iziphumo zinzima:
- Ukuthatha izigqibo ezingalunganga ngexesha lokuhla
- Iimpendulo ezilibazisekileyo ku ATC okanye izixhobo zomculo
- Ukungazi nto ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe amanyathelo okulungisa
Ukuqonda i-hypoxia kwiinqwelomoya akupheleli nje ekuphumeleleni uvavanyo lwethiyori—kumalunga nokuxhotyiswa ngengqondo ukuze kubonwe kwaye kuphendulwe kwenye yezona ngozi zingabonakaliyo nezibulalayo umqhubi wenqwelo moya aya kujongana nazo.
Iintlobo ze-Hypoxia kwi-Aviation Pilots zingaba namava
Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili ze-hypoxia kwiindiza, kwaye nganye ichaphazela umzimba ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ukuqonda unobangela kubalulekile—kungekuphela nje ekusindeni, kodwa nasekusebenziseni impendulo echanekileyo yengxamiseko kwindawo ephakamileyo.
Nazi iintlobo ezine ze-hypoxia kwi-aircraft ekufuneka wonke umqhubi wenqwelomoya azi:
1. I-Hypoxia engapheliyo (Enxulumene nokuphakama)
Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo olufumaneka kwiinqwelomoya. Lwenzeka xa kungekho oxygen yaneleyo emoyeni, ngesiqhelo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Njengoko unyuka ngaphezu kweenyawo ezili-10,000, uxinzelelo lomoya luyehla, kwaye imiphunga yakho ayikwazi ukufunxa ioksijini eyaneleyo egazini—nangona uphefumla ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
Okunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba kwenzeke kwi iinqwelomoya ezingenaxinzelelo okanye ngexesha lokungaphumeleli koxinzelelo lwekhabhini olungaphezulu kwe-12,500 ft.
2. I-Hypoxia ephezulu kakhulu (Ingxaki yokuThuthwa kweOksijini)
Kwimeko enjalo, imiphunga ifumana ioksijini eyaneleyo, kodwa igazi alikwazi ukuyithwala ngokufanelekileyo. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yityhefu ye-carbon monoxide—enokungena kwi-cockpit ngokuvuza komoya okanye umoya ongangeni kakuhle kwiinqwelo-moya ezineenjini zepiston.
Olu hlobo luyingozi kakhulu kuba iimpawu zinokuvela ngaphandle kokutshintsha kokuphakama, kwaye iimaski zeoksijini zisenokungaziguquli ngokupheleleyo iziphumo.
3. I-Hypoxia engapheliyo (Ukungajikelezi kakuhle kwegazi emzimbeni)
Apha, ioksijini ikhona egazini—kodwa ayifikiswa kakuhle kwizicwili ngenxa yokuhamba kwegazi okulinganiselweyo. Izizathu ziquka ixesha elide lokungakwazi ukuhamba, ukuxinana kwegazi okubangelwa kukubanda, okanye amandla e-G agqithisileyo ngexesha lokuhamba ngokukhawuleza.
Ixhaphakile xa ubhabha ngenqwelomoya, xa ujika ngesantya esiphezulu, okanye xa uhamba ngenqanawa ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuhamba.
4. I-Hypoxia eyingozi kakhulu (Ukuphazamiseka kweSelfowuni)
Ngolu hlobo, ioksijini ifikelela kwiiseli, kodwa iiseli azikwazi ukuyisebenzisa. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa zizinto ezifana notywala, iziyobisi, okanye iityhefu ezithile eziphazamisa ukuphefumla kweeseli.
Nokuba i-oxygen ifumaneka nge-100%, umntu ovavanywa yi-histotoxic hypoxia uhlala ephazamisekile.
Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo zine ze-hypoxia kwiinqwelomoya kunceda abaqhubi beenqwelo moya ukuba bachonge ingcambu yengxaki ngokukhawuleza—kwaye bakhethe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okulungisa ngaphambi kokuba kube kade.
Iimpawu ze-Hypoxia kwi-Aviation
Eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu nge-hypoxia kwiinqwelomoya kukuba idla ngokungena ingabonakali. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya banokuziva bephaphile kwaye besebenza kakuhle—ngelixa ingqondo yabo sele ilahlekelwa kukusebenza okubalulekileyo. Yiyo loo nto ukuqaphela iimpawu kwangethuba kubalulekile.
Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuphakama, ubude bexesha lokuvezwa, kunye ne-physiology yomntu ngamnye. Akukho baqhubi babini bafumana i-hypoxia ngendlela efanayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuzazi noqeqesho kubaluleke kakhulu.
Iimpawu Eziqhelekileyo Zokuqala:
- Intloko yokukhanya
- Uvuyo okanye ukuziva ungoyiswa
- Ukurhawuzelela kwiminwe okanye ezinzwaneni
- Umbono womhubhe okanye umbono ofipheleyo
- Unzima ukugxila
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Ukungasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo
- Intetho edibeneyo
- I-Cyanosis (imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye iinzipho)
Ezi mpawu zihlala ziqala ukubonakala ngaphezu kweenyawo ezili-10,000, ingakumbi kwiinqwelo-moya ezingenaxinzelelo ngaphandle kweoksijini eyongezelelweyo.
Ixesha Lokuqonda Okuluncedo (TUC)
I-TUC ibhekisa kwixesha apho umqhubi wenqwelo moya anokucinga aze asebenze ngokufanelekileyo emva kokuba kuqale ukunqongophala kweoksijini. Okukhona ukuphakama kuphezulu, kokukhona ixesha lifutshane.
Nantsi itshathi yesalathiso ekhawulezayo:
| Umphakamo (iinyawo) | Ixesha Lokuqonda Okuluncedo |
|---|---|
| 18,000 | Imizuzu ye-20-30 |
| 25,000 | Imizuzu ye-3-5 |
| 30,000 | Imizuzu ye-1-2 |
| 35,000 | Imizuzwana engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60 |
| 40,000 + | Imizuzwana engama-15 ukuya kwengama-20 |
Kwi-35,000 feet, usenokuba nomzuzu ongaphantsi komnye wokubona i-hypoxia kwi-aircraft kwaye wenze into—ngaphambi kokuba ungakwazi ukuphendula konke konke.
Wonke umqhubi wenqwelo moya kufuneka azi indlela umzimba wakhe osabela ngayo. Yiyo loo nto ezinye izikolo zokuqhuba iinqwelomoya kunye neenkqubo zomkhosi ziquka uqeqesho lwegumbi lokuphakama—ukunceda abaqhubi beenqwelo moya ukuba bachonge “iminwe yabo ye-hypoxia.”
Iindlela zoQeqesho kunye neendlela zokuQaphela iHypoxia
Ekubeni iimpawu ze-hypoxia kwiinqwelomoya zahlukile kumntu nomntu, abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kufuneka badlulele ngaphaya kolwazi lweencwadi kwaye bahlangabezane nale meko kwindawo ekhuselekileyo nelawulwayo. Kulapho ke uqeqesho lwe-hypoxia luqala khona.
Olu hlobo loqeqesho luyilelwe ukunceda abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba bachonge iimpawu zabo ezizodwa ze-hypoxia—ngaphambi kokuba bajongane nazo emoyeni.
Uqeqesho lweGumbi lokuPhakathi
Enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokuqonda i-hypoxia kukuqeqeshwa kwegumbi lokuphakama. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya babekwa kwindawo evaliweyo, enoxinzelelo oluphantsi olulinganisa ukubhabha kwindawo ephezulu ngaphandle kweoksijini eyongezelelweyo.
Ngexesha leseshoni, iimaski zeoksijini zisuswa okwethutyana ukuze kubangele i-hypoxia encinci. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya bajongwa ngokusondeleyo njengoko iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala—uvuyo, ukudideka, iimpendulo ezicothayo—zize ziphinde zifakwe ioksijini kwakhona emva koko.
Oku kudala inkumbulo ehlala ihleli yokuba injani i-hypoxia kwinqwelomoya, nto leyo evumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba bayiqonde ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko zokwenyani zokubhabha.
Umboniso Ongabandakanyi Imaski
Kwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaqhelekileyo abangenazo iindawo zokuphakama ezipheleleyo, ezinye iziko zoqeqesho zibonelela ngemiboniso yokuzikhusela ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa i-hypoxia eziphathwayo. Nangona zingenamandla kangako, ezi zizisa umqhubi kwiimpawu ezisisiseko ezifana nokugqwetheka kokubona, ukucinga okulibazisekileyo, kunye nokuphefumla kancinci.
Ukulungisa Ingqondo kunye nokuZichaza
Ukuqonda nge-hypoxia akupheleli nje emzimbeni—kukwingqondo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baqeqeshwa ukuba bazijonge, balandelele ixesha lokuphendula, baze benze imisebenzi elula (njengeengxaki zezibalo okanye ukubhala ngesandla) ngelixa i-hypoxia iqala. Olu qheliselo lunceda abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba babhale imiqondiso yabo yesilumkiso kwangethuba ukuze bakwazi ukwenza into ngaphambi kokuba bangakwazi ukuzenzela nto.
Kwizikolo ezininzi zomkhosi nezorhwebo, uqeqesho lokuqaphela i-hypoxia ngoku luqhelekile. Njengoko i-hypoxia kwiinqwelomoya iba yingxaki yokhuseleko eyaziwayo kwiinqwelomoya zabantu abaqhelekileyo, olu qeqesho luba yimfuneko ngokukhawuleza—nakubakhweli beenqwelomoya abaqhelekileyo ababhabha ngaphezulu kwe-10,000 ft.
Izenzo ezikhawulezileyo zeHypoxia kwiFlight
Ukuqonda i-hypoxia kwiinqwelomoya sisiqingatha nje semfazwe. Xa kuvela iimpawu, inyathelo elikhawulezileyo libalulekile—kuba usenokuba nexesha elingaphantsi komzuzu ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi wokuqonda wehle uye kumanqanaba ayingozi okanye ungabi namandla ngokupheleleyo.
Nantsi kanye into eqeqeshwe abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya:
1. Faka iOksijini — Ngoko nangoko
Inyathelo lokuqala nelibaluleke kakhulu kukubuyisela ukuhamba kweoksijini. Ukuba awukanxibi imaski, yikhusele ngoko nangoko. Uninzi lweenkqubo zeoksijini zeenqwelo-moya zineemaski ezifunekayo okanye ezihamba rhoqo—sebenzisa nantoni na ekhoyo. Kwiijethi eziphakamileyo, eli nyathelo alinakuxoxiswana ngalo.
kubalulekile: Musa ukuchitha ixesha ulungisa ingxaki kuqala. Ioksijini ivuliwe, uze uyixilonge.
2. Qalisa Ukwehla Okungxamisekileyo
Ukuba ungaphezulu kwee-12,500 ft kwinqwelo-moya engenaxinzelelo—okanye ukuba ucinezelekile—yehla uye kwindawo enokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo kangangoko. Ithagethi idla ngokuba ngaphantsi kwee-10,000 ft.
Sebenzisa iibhuleki zesantya okanye iiprofayili zokwehla ngexesha likaxakeka ukuba zikhona. Ixesha lilinganiselwe, ingakumbi ngaphezulu kwe-25,000 ft.
3. Xela imeko yongxamiseko
Nje ukuba ioksijini ibuyiselwe kwaye ukwehla kuqalile, yazisa i-ATC ngoko nangoko. Sebenzisa iifowuni zerediyo eziqhelekileyo:
"I-Mayday, i-Mayday, i-Mayday - ifumana i-hypoxia erhanelekayo, yehla iye kwiinyawo ezili-10,000."
Oku kwazisa abalawuli kunye neenqwelo-moya ezikufutshane, okuvumela ukwahlukana kwesithuba somoya kunye nokulungelelaniswa okungxamisekileyo.
4. Izixhobo kunye neeNkqubo zokuHlola ngokuQonda
Emva kokuzinzisa inqwelo-moya kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, qinisekisa oku:
- Uxinzelelo lwekhabhini (ukuba lukhona)
- Imeko yenkqubo yeoksijini
- Imeko yabakhweli (kwiindawo ezinamaqela amaninzi okanye kwiindawo zeenqwelo-moya)
Iziganeko ze-Hypoxia zinokuguquka zibe ziingxamiseko ezinzima zenkqubo, ngoko ke uluhlu lwezinto ezifunekayo emva kokuchacha lubalulekile.
Khumbula: Kwimeko ye-hypoxia kwinqwelomoya, ukulibaziseka ekuphenduleni kunokukhokelela ekungakwazini ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza. Ioksijini kufuneka ize kuqala—ngaphambi koluhlu lwezinto ezifunekayo, ii-comms, okanye ukuxilongwa.
Ukuthintela kunye nokunciphisa iingozi zabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusinda kwi-hypoxia kwinqwelomoya kukungavumeli ukuba iqale. Ukuthintela akupheleli nje ekubeni bubulumko—kukhuselekile, kuyakhawuleza, kwaye kuyinxalenye yoko kwahlula ingcali eqeqeshiweyo kwingcali engalungiselelanga.
Nantsi indlela abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abakrelekrele abanciphisa ngayo umngcipheko ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu:
Cwangcisa Ukuphakama Kwakho Malunga Nokusetyenziswa Kweoksijini
Kwinqwelo-moya ezingenaxinzelelo, umngcipheko we-hypoxia kwinqwelo-moya uqala phantsi 10,000 iinyawo—ingakumbi xa ubhabha ixesha elide. Ukuba uceba ukubhabha ngaphezu kwe-12,500 ft ngaphezulu kwemizuzu engama-30, okanye 14,000 ft nangaphezulu nangaliphi na ixesha, ukusetyenziswa kweoksijini kuba yimfuneko phantsi kwemigaqo ye-DGCA kunye ne-FAA.
Icebiso: Musa ukuthembela kwi "buffer yemizuzu engama-30." Sebenzisa ioksijini ngokukhawuleza—ingakumbi xa ubhabha ebusuku, apho iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala kwangethuba.
Jonga inkqubo yakho ye-oksijini ngaphambi kokuba ubhabhe
Iimaski ezingasebenzi kakuhle, iivalvu ezivuzayo, okanye iisilinda eziphelelwe lixesha zizinto ezibangela ukungabikho komoya ococekileyo emoyeni. Soloko uqinisekisa:
- Uxinzelelo lwe-cylinder
- Ukudityaniswa kombhobho
- Umsebenzi woMlawuli
- Imaski itywinwe kwaye ilingane
Vavanya inkqubo ngaphambi kokuba uhambe—hayi ngexesha likaxakeka.
Ziphephe Izinto Ezinciphisa Ukusetyenziswa Kweoksijini
Utywala, amayeza okuthomalalisa umzimba, kwanamayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha afana nee-antihistamines anokunyusa uvakalelo lomzimba wakho kwi-hypoxia. Kunjalo nangokutshaya—i-carbon monoxide ibopha kwi-hemoglobin kwaye ithintele ukuthuthwa kweoksijini, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-hypoxia egqithisileyo.
Umthetho obalulekileyo: Hlala ucocekile, umanzi, kwaye ubukhali—ingakumbi ngaphambi kokuba uhambe kwindawo ephakamileyo okanye ubhabhe ixesha elide.
Gcina Umzimba Osempilweni Nokujikeleza Kwegazi
Impilo entle yentliziyo nemithambo yegazi iphucula amandla akho okunyamezela amanqanaba aphantsi eoksijini. Ukuhlala usebenza emoyeni (xa ukhuselekile), ukuphepha ukubotshwa amabhanti okuhlala ixesha elide, kunye nokugcina ukuhamba kwegazi kunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-hypoxia engashukumiyo.
Kwi-cockpit, ukuthintela kusoloko kungcono kunokusabela. Okukhona uzilungiselela emhlabeni, kokukhona amathuba okuba ungabi naxhala xa uqhuba ngenqwelomoya xa kubaluleke kakhulu.
Imigangatho yoLawulo kunye neeNgcebiso
I-Hypoxia kwinqwelomoya ithathwa nzulu ziingcali zeenqwelomoya kwihlabathi liphela. Ukususela kwiimfuno zelayisenisi ukuya ekusetyenzisweni kweoksijini kwindawo ephakamileyo, imithetho yenzelwe ukukhusela abaqhubi beenqwelo moya ekulahlekelweni lulwazi xa beludinga kakhulu.
Imigaqo ye-DGCA (eIndiya)
I-DGCA iyalela ukuba kusetyenziswe ioksijini eyongezelelweyo engaphezulu kweenyawo ezili-10,000 ukuphakama kwikhabhini kwiinqwelomoya ezinde. Kuzo zonke iinkqubo ezingaphezu kweenyawo ezili-14,000, abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kufuneka bahlale besebenzisa ioksijini rhoqo. Ngaphezulu kweenyawo ezili-15,000, ioksijini kufuneka ifumaneke nakubakhweli.
Iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezivunyiweyo yi-DGCA kufuneka zibandakanye imiyalelo yokuqonda nokulawula i-hypoxia kwiinqwelomoya, kwaye abaqhubi bezorhwebo kufuneka bagcine iinkqubo zeoksijini zikwimeko entle ngaphambi kokuba uhambo ngalunye luhambe.
Izikhokelo ze-FAA (eMelika)
I-FAA ichaza iimfuno zeoksijini phantsi I-14 CFR § 91.211, kunye nemida efanayo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka basebenzise ioksijini engaphezulu kweenyawo ezili-12,500 ukuba bahamba emoyeni ixesha elingaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30, kwaye ngamaxesha onke ngaphezulu kweenyawo ezili-14,000. Ioksijini kufuneka inikwe wonke umntu ohambayo ngaphezu kweenyawo ezili-15,000.
I-FAA ikhuthaza bonke abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abakwiindawo eziphakamileyo ukuba baqeqeshwe kwigumbi lokuphakama okanye kwi-simulator ukuze baqaphele iimpawu zakuqala baze baqonde imida yabo yokunyamezela.
Imigangatho ye-ICAO kunye ne-EASA
Kwihlabathi liphela, zombini i-ICAO kunye ne-EASA ziyawaxhasa la manyathelo okhuseleko. Ukwazi nge-Hypoxia yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoqeqesho lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya kumazwe amaninzi, kwaye ukuhlolwa rhoqo kweenkqubo zeoksijini kuyimfuneko kwiinqwelo moya ezisebenza kakuhle.
Ngamafutshane, imithetho elawulayo kuzo zonke iigunya eziphambili zeenqwelo-moya iphatha i-hypoxia njengomngcipheko onokuthintelwa—kwaye ibamba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kunye nabaqhubi uxanduva lokuhlala bephambili kuyo.
Iziganeko Zokwenyani Ezinxulumene Ne-Hypoxia
I-Hypoxia kwiinqwelomoya ayisiyongozi ecingelwayo—ikhokelele kwiingozi ezininzi ezibulalayo kwimisebenzi yorhwebo neyabucala. Ezi meko zibonisa ukuba ukunqongophala kweoksijini kunokukhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kuze kube kukungasebenzi ngokupheleleyo, rhoqo ngaphandle kobizo olunye lwasemini.
Inqwelomoya yeHelios Airways 522 (2005)
Elinye lamatyala abuhlungu kakhulu kwaye afundwe ngokubanzi, Helios Airways Flight 522 Isuke eSipro inenkqubo yoxinzelelo engamiselwanga kakuhle. Njengoko inqwelo-moya yayinyuka, abasebenzi baba ne-hypoxia bengazi. Balahlekelwa zingqondo, yaza inqwelo-moya yaqhubeka izenzekela kangangeeyure ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba iwele eGrisi—yabulala bonke abantu abali-121 ababekuyo.
Esi siganeko sikhokelela kutshintsho olukhulu kuqeqesho lweenqwelo-moya malunga nokuhlolwa koxinzelelo kunye nokuqatshelwa kwe-hypoxia.
UPayne Stewart Learjet Crash (1999)
Kule tyala lidumileyo laseMelika, ILearjet iphulukene noxinzelelo lwekhabhinethi kwindawo ephezuluAbaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kunye nabakhweli balahlekelwa ziingqondo ngenxa yokungabikho komoya ococekileyo emzimbeni, yaza inqwelo-moya yabhabha ngokwayo kangangeekhilomitha ezili-1,500 ngaphambi kokuba ingqube eSouth Dakota. I-ATC yazama ukuqhagamshelana nayo kangangeyure—kodwa ayizange iphendule.
Abaphandi bagqibe kwelokuba ukungabikho koxia kwiinqwelomoya kuye kwabangela ukuba wonke umntu owayekwinqwelomoya angakwazi ukwenza nto kwimizuzu embalwa.
Uhambo Oluqhelekileyo: Umngcipheko Ongathethiyo Kwinqwelo-moya Engaxinzelelwanga
Iingozi ezininzi zeenqwelo-moya zifunyenwe zibangelwa kukungabikho koxinzelelo lwegazi olungabonakaliyo, ingakumbi kwiinqwelo-moya ezincinci ezingenaxinzelelo ezisebenza kumgama ongaphezulu okanye ngaphezulu kweenyawo ezili-12,500. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ulibazise ukwehla okanye akazange azibone iimpawu de kwaba lixesha.
Ingxaki eqhelekileyo: ukusetyenziswa kweoksijini akuvumelekanga, ukuxinzelelwa kwekhabhathi akuvumelekanga, ukungenelela kwangoko.
Ezi ntlekele zigxininisa inyani elula: ukuqonda kunye nesenzo zizinto zonke. Nokuba ubhabha iindiza okanye inqwelo moya encinci, ukwazi iimpawu ze-hypoxia kwiindiza kunye nokuphendula kwangoko kunokuthintela intlekele.
Isiphelo – Yazi iingozi, bhabha ngokukhuselekileyo
I-Hypoxia kwinqwelomoya yenye yezona zinto zimbalwa ezinokubangela ukuba umqhubi wenqwelomoya angasebenzi kakuhle ngaphantsi komzuzu omnye—ngaphandle kwesandi, isibane sokulumkisa, okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle koomatshini. Ngokungafaniyo neengxaki zenjini okanye iingxaki zombane, ijolise ngqo kwinto enye edingwa kakhulu ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya: ukukwazi ukucinga ngokucacileyo nokwenza ngokukhawuleza.
Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezi? Kungathintelwa ngokupheleleyo.
Ngoqeqesho olufanelekileyo, uhlolo lwenkqubo yeoksijini, kunye nocwangciso lokuphakama, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokubhabha ngokukhuselekileyo nokuba bakwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Ukuqonda iimpawu zokuqala, ukuqonda imida yakho, kunye nokulandela izikhokelo ezilawulayo zezona zinto zahlula abaqhubi abakhuselekileyo kwiinkcukacha-manani ezinokuphepheka.
Nokuba ubhabha wedwa kwiCessna kwiimitha ezili-12,500 okanye ulawula uxinzelelo kwijethi esebenza kakhulu, ukwazi nge-hypoxia kwinqwelomoya akupheleli nje ekubeni krelekrele—kubalulekile.
Hlala uphaphile. Hlala uqeqeshwe. Kwaye soloko uhlonipha umoya owuphefumlayo.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e I-91 (0) 1171 816622 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neKhosi yeSikolo saBucala esiLingayo.
