Ubuwazi ukuthi izindiza zezentengiselwano ezingaphezu kuka-80% zindiza ngaphakathi kwe-Class A Airspace nsuku zonke? Le ndawo elawulwa kakhulu isukela ku-18,000 feet MSL kuya ku-60,000 feet MSL futhi idinga amakhono okuzulazula anembile ngokulandela imithetho eqinile.
Abashayeli bezindiza abaningi bathola izidingo ze-Airspace kanye nemininingwane yemishini kukhungathekisa. Izinkinga ezinkulu zifaka phakathi ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo kwe-ATC kanye namaphethini esimo sezulu ayinkimbinkimbi ezindaweni eziphakeme. Wonke umshayeli wezindiza kumele abe nekhono lokulandela imithetho eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa imikhawulo yokuphakama, izidingo zemishini, kanye nemithethonqubo ethile yendawo.
Le ngxenye izokunikeza iziqondiso eziyisishiyagalolunye ezibalulekile zokukusiza uqondise indiza yakho ngokuzethemba nge-Class A Airspace. Uzofunda konke ekusebenzeni kwe-Class A Airspace okufanele abashayeli bezindiza abangochwepheshe bakwazi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlela indiza yakho yokuqala ephakeme noma ufuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho okuzulazula.
Ukuqonda Izisekelo Zesikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A
Izisekelo zayo zibalulekile kubashayeli bezindiza abandiza ezindaweni eziphakeme. Lesi sikhala somoya esilawulwayo sakha izisekelo zokusebenza kwezindiza zezentengiselwano nezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Incazelo kanye nemingcele
Ihlanganisa ingxenye ephakeme yesikhala somoya esilawulwayo esisukela kumamitha angu-18,000 ubude bezinga lolwandle (MSL) kuze kufike ku-Flight Level 600 (cishe amamitha angu-60,000 ubude be-MSL). Indawo yokusebenza inesikhala somoya esingaphakathi kwamamayela angu-12 olwandle ogwini emazweni angu-48 ahambisanayo kanye ne-Alaska.
Izimpawu Ezisemqoka
Ukundiza esikhumulweni sezindiza seKlasi A kudinga ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza balandele le mithetho:
-Zonke izindiza kumele ziqhutshwe ngaphansi kweMithetho Yezindiza Ze-Instrument Flight (IFR)
-Ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo ngomsakazo ngezindlela ezimbili ne-ATC kuyimpoqo
-Zonke izindiza zithola izinsizakalo zokuhlukanisa kusuka Ukulawulwa Kwezithuthi Zezindiza
-Kukhona okuhlukile kokuphuma kwesikhala kwabagibela ama-glider kanye nabagibela izindiza ezindaweni eziphakeme
Abashayeli bezindiza kumele balandele ngokuqinile izidingo zokuhlukaniswa okuqondile. Ukwehlukaniswa Okuqondile Okungancishisiwe Ubude obuncane bamamitha angu-2,000 kumele bugcinwe, yize lokhu kungancishiswa kube amamitha angu-1,000 ngemishini eqinisekisiwe ngokukhethekile.
Ithebula Lezidingo Zemishini
Leli thebula elinemininingwane libonisa imishini edingekayo yokusebenza:
| Uhlobo Lensiza | imfuneko | Yekuchumana |
|---|---|---|
| Imithetho Yendiza | Isitifiketi se-IFR | Kuphoqelekile kuyo yonke imisebenzi |
| Ukuxhumana | Izindlela ezimbili zomsakazo | Kudingeka ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo |
| Navigation | DME | Kudingeka ngaphezu kwe-FL240 uma usebenzisa i-VOR |
| I-Transponder | Imodi C | Ngokwazi kwe-ADS-B Out |
| Altimeter | Ukumiswa kwengcindezi | Kumelwe kusethwe ku-29.92 uma kungaphezu kwamamitha angu-18,000 |
| Uhlelo Lwezindiza | IFR | Kudingeka ngaphambi kokungena |
Abashayeli bezindiza badinga zonke lezi zinhlelo zihlonyiswe kahle ngaphambi kokungena eSikhaleni Sezindiza Sekilasi A. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba yimpoqo ngemva kukaJanuwari 1, 2020, ukuthi zonke izindiza ezisebenzayo kumele zibe nemishini ye-ADS-B Out efakiwe ehlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokusebenza.
Imishini Yokuzulazula Ebalulekile
Ukundiza kudinga isethi ephelele yemishini yokuzulazula ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kuphephile futhi kubushelelezi. Indiza yakho idinga imishini efanele ukuze ihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziphakeme zendiza ye-Class A Airspace.
Ama-Avionic adingekayo ekusebenzeni kwe-A Airspace yekilasi A
Indiza yakho kumele ibe nezindiza ezithile ezihlangabezana nezimfuneko eziqinile ukuze indize. Nakhu okudingayo:
| Isigaba Sezisetshenziswa | imfuneko | Injongo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuxhumana | Izindlela ezimbili zomsakazo | Ukuxhumana kwe-ATC |
| Navigation | I-VOR/TACAN noma i-RNAV | Ukuzulazula okuyinhloko |
| I-Transponder | Imodi C enokubika ukuphakama | Ukulandela isikhundla |
| I-ADS-B | Ikhono lokuphuma | Ukuqapha |
Izinhlelo Zokusekela ngokulondoloza
Ukuphepha kuncike ekuphindaphindweni kwemisebenzi. Izinhlelo zakho zokusekela kufanele zifake:
* Umsakazo wesibili wokuxhumana wemisebenzi
*Imithombo yokuzulazula ehlukile efaka phakathi ikhono le-DME/DME
*Izinhlelo zamandla eziyisipele zezindiza ezibalulekile
*Imishini yokuzulazula ephuthumayo yokuphazamiseka kwe-GPS okungenzeka
Amathuluzi Okuzulazula Esimanje
Ithuluzi lakho lokuzulazula kufanele lifake izinhlelo eziningi. I-GPS isibe umthombo oyinhloko wokuzulazula ngokushintshela kwe-FAA ku-Performance-Based Navigation (PBN). Kusadingeka wazi ukuthi ungazisebenzisa kanjani izinhlelo zendabuko ngempumelelo.
I-VOR Minimum Operational Network (MON) inikeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile kwe-backup ku-Class A Airspace. Lolu hlelo lukugcina ngaphakathi kwamamayela ayi-100 olwandle ukusuka esikhumulweni sezindiza ngendlela engeyona i-GPS. I-MON inikeza ukumbozwa okuqhubekayo kwesignali ye-VOR kumamitha angu-5,000 e-AGL kulo lonke uhlelo lwe-National Airspace ngesikhathi sokungasasebenzi kwe-GPS.
Indiza yakho ingasebenzisa la mathuluzi ukuze ikwazi ukuzulazula kangcono endaweni yezindiza yekilasi A:
*Izindlela ze-RNAV GPS ezisebenzisa i-WAAS
*Izinhlelo zokuzulazula ze-DME/DME zokusekelayo kwe-RNAV
*Iziteshi ze-VOR zokuzulazula okuvamile
*I-Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) ukuze uthole ukungasebenzi okwengeziwe
Uhlelo lwakho lokuzulazula oluyinhloko kumele lusebenze ngaphambi kokusuka. I-FAA iphakamisa ukulinganiswa kwesamukeli se-VOR minyaka yonke ukuze kulondolozwe ukunemba, ikakhulukazi uma udinga ezinye izindlela ze-GPS.
Ukuhlela Ngaphambi Kokuhamba Kwendiza Kwekilasi A
Uhambo lokundiza oluphephile luncike ekuhleleni okuningiliziwe ngaphambi kohambo lokundiza. Udinga indlela ehlelekile yokuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo nemithethonqubo.
Izidingo Zohlelo Lwendiza Lokusebenza Kwesikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A
Kumelwe ufake uhlelo lwendiza lwe-IFR futhi uthole imvume efanele ngaphambi kokungena esikhumulweni sezindiza seKlasi A. Uhlelo lwakho lwendiza ludinga le mininingwane:
| Isici sokuhlela | imfuneko |
|---|---|
| Imithetho Yendiza | I-IFR Kuphela |
| Amakhodi Emishini | /L noma /G yekhono le-RNAV |
| Izidingo Zamafutha | Indawo oya kuyo + Okunye + imizuzu engu-45 |
| Ukuhlela Umzila | Imizila yezindiza noma ye-RNAV |
| Ukufaka Amafayela E-Altitude | FL180 nangaphezulu |
Ukucabangela Isimo Sezulu Emkhathini Wezindiza Wekilasi A
Amaphethini esimo sezulu esiphezulu adinga ukunakwa kwakho okugcwele lapho undiza e-Class A Airspace. Ukuxokozela komoya ocacile kanye nezimo zeqhwa yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzicabangele. Isifinyezo sakho sezulu kumele sihlanganise:
-Izinhlelo zezulu eziphakeme kakhulu kanye nemifudlana yejethi
-Amazinga e-Icing kanye nobunzima
-Izibikezelo ze-Turbulence kanye ne-PIREPs
- Izindawo zokumbozwa kwe-radar yesimo sezulu
-Umsebenzi wamagagasi ezintaba ezindaweni ezifanele
Imininingwane Yokuhlela Uphethiloli Yesikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A
Imisebenzi ye-Class A Airspace idinga ukubalwa okuqondile kukaphethiloli okunezinqolobane ezithile. Imithethonqubo idinga ukuthi uhlele:
-Uphethiloli Wohambo: Kubalwa kusukela ekuhambeni kuya endaweni oya kuyo
-Uphethiloli Oqhubekayo: 5% kaphethiloli wohambo noma isikhathi sokubamba imizuzu emi-5
-Uphethiloli Ohlukile: Kwanele ukuthi kube nokungafiki kahle kanye nokundiza ukuze kushintshwe
-Ukubhuka Kokugcina: imizuzu engama-30 ngesivinini sokubamba ngamafidi angu-1,500
Ukusebenza ezindaweni eziphakeme kukunikeza izinzuzo ezithile. Isibhakabhaka sicacile cishe kuma-95% ezindiza ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-20,000, futhi isivinini sakho somoya sikhuphuka ngo-20-25% uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza kwezinga lolwandle.
Indlela esheshayo yokuhamba iqala ngokwenza izinqumo ezihlanganyelwe ne-ATC kanye nezinsizakalo zesimo sezulu. Lokhu kukunikeza isu eliningiliziwe futhi kunciphisa umthwalo wakho womsebenzi uma ususemoyeni.
Hlola lonke ulwazi lwe-NOTAM oluthinta umzila wakho. Bheka ngokucophelela imikhawulo yesikhashana yendiza noma izinguquko ezinqubweni ezijwayelekile ezingathinta uhlelo lwakho lwendiza.
Izinhlelo zakho zokusekela kufanele zifake imizila ehlukene nezindlela zokwehla uma kwenzeka izimo eziphuthumayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lokhu kuba yinto ebalulekile uma undiza phezu kwezintaba noma esimweni sezulu esibi.
Izinqubo Zokungena Emkhathini Wezindiza Zekilasi A
Udinga izinqubo eziqondile kanye nokuqaphela ngokucophelela izinqubo ukuze ungene Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi AImpumelelo yakho incike ekwenzeni izinqubo ezifanele nokuhlala wazi indawo okuzungezile.
Iphrothokholi Yokuxhumana ye-ATC Yokungena Kwesikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A
Kumelwe uthole imvume ecacile ye-ATC ngaphambi kokungena eSikhaleni Sezindiza Sekilasi A. Ukuxhumana kwakho kufanele kulandele le fomethi ehlelwe kahle:
-Ukuxhumana Kokuqala: Ukuhlonza indiza yesifundazwe kanye nesicelo
-Ukuqinisekiswa Kokuvunyelwa: Funda yonke imisebenzi yokuphakama
-Ukubika Isikhundla: Gcina ukuxhumana mayelana nendawo
-Isimo Semishini: Bika noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu
Ukukhuphuka Ngesikhala Esiphansi Somoya
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ATC kudlala indima ebalulekile ekushintsheni kwakho. Lezi zinyathelo zibalulekile njengoba ukhuphuka ngezigaba eziphansi zesikhala somoya:
| Isigaba | Kudingeka Isenzo | Ukucabangela okukhethekile |
|---|---|---|
| Ngaphambi Kokungena | Setha i-transponder | Qinisekisa ukusebenza kweModi C |
| Inguquko | Gada imvamisa enikeziwe | Gcina umzila onikeziwe |
| Indawo yokungena | Umbiko ufika ku-FL180 | Shintshela ku-altimeter engu-29.92 |
| Isungulwe | Qinisekisa imvume | Gcina ukuxhumana okubili |
Uhlu Lokuhlola Lokuguquka Kwesikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A
Qedela lolu hlu lokuhlola olubalulekile lokushintsha njengoba usondela Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A:
- Izidingo Zangaphambi Kokungena
- Qinisekisa ukuthi imvume ye-IFR itholiwe
- Qinisekisa ukusebenza komsakazo ohamba ngezindlela ezimbili
- Hlola ukusebenza kwe-transponder
- Qinisekisa isimo semishini yokuzulazula
- Ukucushwa Kwezisetshenziswa
- Setha i-altimeter ibe ngu-29.92 inches Hg ku-FL180
- Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokuzulazula ezifanele
- Lungiselela imisakazo yokuxhumana
- Nika amandla imishini yokuqapha edingekayo
Ukuthuthela kwakho Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A kuletha izinguquko ezinkulu ekusebenzeni kwendiza. Yonke imisebenzi kumele yenziwe ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-IFR. Hlala uxhumene kakhulu ne-ATC phakathi nokunyuka kwakho futhi ulungele ukushintsha komzila noma imikhawulo yokuphakama.
Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A imisebenzi idinga ukuthi uqaphe amaza abelwe futhi uphendule imiyalelo ye-ATC ngokushesha. I-ATC kumele ivume ngokusobala noma yikuphi ukuphambuka ekuphakameni noma emizileni ebelwe yona, ngisho nokugwema isimo sezulu.
Indiza yakho idinga imishini ethile ukuze isebenze ezindaweni eziphakeme. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ikhono le-ADS-B Out ngemuva kukaJanuwari 1, 2020. Lezi zidingo zisiza ukugcina ukuqapha okufanele kanye nokuhlukaniswa nezinye izindiza kulo mkhakha omatasa.
Ukuhamba Ngaphakathi Kwesikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A
Abashayeli bezindiza kudingeka bazi kahle izinto ezintathu ezibalulekile ukuze baqonde: ukuphathwa kwezinga lendiza, ukusebenza komzila, kanye nokubika isikhundla. Lawa makhono anquma impumelelo yakho emisebenzini ephakeme.
Ukukhethwa Kwezinga Lendiza Emkhathini Wezindiza Wekilasi A
Kudinga ukuthobela ngokuqinile izidingo zokuhlukanisa okuqondile. Udinga ukugcina ukuhlukana okuqondile okungenani okungamamitha angu-1,000 phakathi kwe-FL180 ne-FL410. Izindiza ezingezona eze-RVSM kumele zikhulise ukuhlukana kube ngamamitha angu-2,000 ngaphezu kwe-FL410.
| Isiqondiso Sendiza | Izinga Lokundiza Elidingekayo |
|---|---|
| Ukuya empumalanga (0-179°) | Okungajwayelekile (FL310, FL330) |
| Ukuya entshonalanga (180-359°) | I-Even (FL320, FL340) |
Ukuphathwa Kwemizila Ngaphakathi Kwesikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A
Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A Ukuzulazula kudinga ukunakwa kwakho njalo. Imithwalo yakho yemfanelo emizileni emisiwe ihlanganisa:
-Ukugcina ukulandelela komugqa ophakathi emigwaqweni yomoya kahulumeni
-Ukulandela izindlela eziqondile phakathi kwama-NAVAID kwezinye izindlela
-Ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa komoya okufanele ukuze kugcinwe umkhondo womhlaba
Ukuphathwa kwesivinini kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni. Qaphela isivinini sakho somoya esibonisiwe njengoba i-envelope yokusebenza iba lukhuni ezindaweni eziphakeme. Uzoba nesikhathi esilinganiselwe sokubona nokulungisa izinkinga zesivinini eduze kwe-L/D max (isivinini esincane sokuhudula).
Izidingo Zokubika Izikhundla
Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A imisebenzi idinga imibiko yesikhundla eqondile nefike ngesikhathi. Nansi ifomethi ejwayelekile yombiko wesikhundla:
| Bika isici | ulwazi oludingekayo |
|---|---|
| I-ID Yendiza | Uphawu lwakho lokushaya ucingo |
| Isikhundla | Ukulungiswa kwamanje/indawo yendlela |
| Isikhathi | Isikhathi sangempela sokulungisa ngokweqile |
| engamamitha | Izinga lamanje lokundiza |
| Ukulungiswa Okulandelayo | I-ETA kanye nesihlonzi |
Yenza imibiko yezikhundla ezindaweni zokubika eziphoqelekile ngesikhathi sezindiza ze-IFR ezilawulwayo. Le mibiko isiza i-ATC ukugcina ukuhlukaniswa okufanele nokuphatha ukuhamba kwethrafikhi kulo lonke uhlelo.
Ukuphathwa komzila ngendlela efanele kudinga ukuqapha ukusebenza kwe-RNAV nokugcina ukuqwashisa ngesimo. Uhlelo lwakho lokuzulazula kufanele luhlinzeke ngokuvikelwa kwe-engeli yasebhange okusesikhathini, ikakhulukazi eduze kokuphakama okuphezulu.
Hlala uqaphele lezi zici ezibalulekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza:
-Izimo zezulu eziphakeme kakhulu
- Izindawo ezicacile zokuxokozela komoya
-Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuthinta ukusebenza
-Amaphethini omoya aphezulu
Izinselele Ezivamile Ekilasini A
Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A imisebenzi iza nezinselele ezihlukile ezidinga ukuqapha kwakho njalo kanye nolwazi. Ukuphepha kanye nokusebenza kahle emisebenzini ephakeme kuncike ekuqondeni kwakho lezi zinselele.
Isimo Sezulu Esikhaleni Sezindiza Sekilasi A
Ukundiza kukuveza ezimweni ezithile zesimo sezulu ezingathinta indiza yakho. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuxokozela komoya ocacile kwenzeka kaningi ngaphakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-200 ukusuka ku-jet stream maxima kanye ne-1.5-4.5km ngaphansi kwe-tropopause. Udinga ukuhlala uqaphile ngalezi zimo:
| Isimo Sezulu | Izinga Lomthelela | Indawo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuxokozela Komoya Ocacile | ezinzima | Eduze neJet Streams |
| Umsebenzi Wegagasi Lezintaba | Okumaphakathi-Okukhulu | Ngaphezulu Kwendawo Yezintaba |
| I-Windshear Esezingeni Eliphezulu | Lokulingene | Imisinga Yomoya Ephezulu |
| I-Convective Turbulence | ezinzima | Eduze Neziphepho Ezinkulu |
Ukuxokozela emoyeni okhululekile kusalokhu kuyinkinga enkulu ebangela ukubambezeleka kwezindiza kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okubiza izigidi zamaRandi minyaka yonke.
Ukungasebenzi Kahle Kwemishini Ezindaweni Eziphakeme
Izinhlelo zezindiza zakho zibhekene nezinselele ezahlukene ezindaweni ezizungezile. Lezi zinkinga ziba zimbi kakhulu njengoba ukuphakama kukhuphuka:
-Ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa okuncishisiwe ngenxa yobuningi bomoya obuphansi
-Ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwezingxenye zikagesi ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-2,000
-Ukuphazamiseka okungenzeka kokufakwa kwe-insulation kumasekethe ane-voltage ephezulu
Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A imisebenzi idinga ukuqapha eduze imishini yakho. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi abalawuli be-elekthronikhi babhekana nezinguquko eziphawulekayo zokusebenza ezindaweni eziphakeme, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokupholisa kwehla cishe ngo-8-10°C kumamitha angu-4,000.
Izingxabano Zethrafikhi Emkhathini Wezindiza Wekilasi A
Ukuphathwa kwezingxabano zethrafikhi kuncike ezintweni ezithile eziyingozi. Izifundo ziqokomisa ukulinganiselwa emqondweni wokubona nokugwema. Lezi zinto zidinga ukunakwa kwakho:
| Uhlobo Lokungqubuzana | Isu Lokuvikela | Isenzo Esidingekayo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuhlukaniswa Okuqondile | Gcina i-RVSM | Gada ukuphakama |
| Izingxabano Eziseceleni | Ukunamathela kwethrekhi | Landela imiyalelo ye-ATC |
| Umehluko Wesivinini | Ukugeleza komdlalo | Lungisa isivinini somoya |
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ATC kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuxazululeni izingxabano zethrafikhi. Izifundo zembula ukuthi yonke imibiko yezehlakalo eziyi-135 ngaphandle kweyodwa kanye nemicimbi yokulahlekelwa ukuhlukana yenzeka ngenkathi zombili izindiza zilawulwa yi-ATC.
Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A Imisebenzi idinga ukuqwashisa kwakho okuqhubekayo ngalezi zinselele. Idatha yakamuva ikhombisa ukuthi abalawuli bavame ukuba nezindiza ezilawulwa yibo ezindiza eduze okungaphephile ngaphandle kokulawulwa okuhle. Ukuhlukaniswa okufanele nokulandela imiyalelo ye-ATC kuyimithwalo yakho yemfanelo eyinhloko.
Izinqubo Eziphuthumayo Ngaphezulu kwe-FL180
Ukuphatha izimo eziphuthumayo kudinga ukucabanga okusheshayo kanye nokwenza izinto ngendlela enembile. Abashayeli bezindiza abakwaziyo ukusingatha izimo ezibucayi ngenkathi besebenza ngaphezu kwe-FL180 bangenza umehluko phakathi kwesisombululo esiphumelelayo kanye nomphumela ongaba yinhlekelele.
Ukwehluleka Kwemishini Emkhathini Wezindiza Wekilasi A
Impendulo yakho esheshayo idlala indima ebalulekile uma uhlangabezana nokwehluleka kwemishini Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi AIzifundo zembula ukuthi u-81% wezimo eziphuthumayo endizeni zenzeka ngesikhathi sohambo olukhulu. Uhlu lwakho lokuhlola oluphuthumayo kufanele lufake:
| Ukuhluleka Kwesistimu | Isenzo Esiyinhloko | Isenzo sesibili |
|---|---|---|
| Ukucindezela | Faka imaski ye-oxygen | Qala ukwehla okuphuthumayo |
| Navigation | Shintshela ku-backup | Xhumana ne-ATC ngokushesha |
| Ukuxhumana | Zama imvamisa ehlukile | Setha i-transponder 7700 |
| Engine | Gcina ukulawula | Hlela indlela yokwehla |
Izimo Eziphuthumayo Zezokwelapha Ngaphezulu kwe-FL180
Izimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ngenxa yendawo ephakeme. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi kuba nezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha ezingu-24-130 endizeni ngabagibeli abayisigidi esisodwa. Nansi indlela ehlelwe kahle yokubhekana nazo:
| Uhlobo Lwezimo Eziphuthumayo | Impendulo yokuqala | Izinsiza Ezitholakalayo |
|---|---|---|
| Imicimbi Yenhliziyo | Finyelela ikhithi yezokwelapha | Xhumana nosekelo lomhlabathi |
| Izinkinga Zokuphefumula | Nikeza umoya-mpilo | Hlela ukwehla uma kudingeka |
| Ukugula Okubi Kakhulu | Hlola isimo | Cabanga ngokuphambukisa |
Abasebenzi be-cabin baphatha izimo eziphuthumayo ezingafika ku-70% endizeni ngaphandle kosizo olwengeziwe. Kodwa ngenkathi usebenza, isinqumo sakho sokuphambuka kumele sicabangele:
*Izimo zezulu kwezinye izikhumulo zezindiza
*Izidingo zikaphethiloli zomzila owengeziwe
*Izikhungo zezokwelapha ezitholakala ezindaweni zokushintsha indlela yokuphila
Izinqubo Zokwehla Kwezimo Eziphuthumayo Zesikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A
Isethi ethile yezinqubo zokuphatha iqondisa ukwehla kwezimo eziphuthumayo kusukela Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi AImininingwane yokuphepha iphakamisa lezi zinyathelo ngesikhathi sokwehla okuphuthumayo:
1. Jika usuke endleleni oyibekile ngaphambi kokwehla
2. Yazisa i-ATC ngokushesha ngesimo sakho esiphuthumayo
3. Setha i-transponder ibe yi-7700
4. Qaphela ithrafikhi kokubili ngokubona nangokusebenzisa i-ACAS/TCAS
Lezi zinhlaka ezibalulekile zibalulekile ekwehleni okuphuthumayo:
| Isigaba | Action | Ukucabangela Isivinini |
|---|---|---|
| Okokuqala | Setha ukusunduza okungenzi lutho | Okuvunyelwe okuphezulu |
| Ukwehla okuphakathi | Sebenzisa amabhuleki esivinini | Gada imikhawulo yesakhiwo |
| Final | Umzila wohlelo | Cabanga ngendawo |
Abakhiqizi abaningi batusa ukusebenzisa i-autopilot ngesikhathi sokwehla okuphuthumayo. Izindiza zanamuhla zivame ukuba nekhono lokwehla elisebenza ngaphezu kwe-FL400 uma abashayeli bezindiza bengathathi sinyathelo ngemva kokucindezeleka.
Izimo eziphuthumayo zidinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela kokubili ukuhlukaniswa okuqondile nokuvundlile. Qaphela ukuthi u-4-7% wezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha endizeni ziholela ekuphambukeni kwendiza. Ukuma kwenhliziyo (57.9%) kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo zokubeletha (18.0%) ziphezulu ohlwini lwezimbangela.
Lezi zinto ezibalulekile kufanele ziqondise izinqubo zakho eziphuthumayo:
-Ukulawulwa kwezindiza
-Ukunemba kokuzulazula
-Ukuxhumana ne-ATC
-Ukuphepha kwabagibeli
Imisebenzi Yekilasi A Yomhlaba Wonke
Ukundiza emhlabeni wonke kuletha ubunzima obukhulu emisebenzini yasezindaweni eziphakeme. Abashayeli bezindiza bangaqondisa lezi zinselele ngokulungiselela kahle nangokunaka izidingo zomhlaba wonke.
Izinto Okufanele Uzicabangele Ngaphandle Kwemingcele Emkhathini Wezindiza Wekilasi A
Izindiza zamazwe ngamazwe zidinga ukulungiswa okuhlangabezana nezidingo kuzo zonke izindawo zokuwela umngcele. I-International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) yakha ukuhlukaniswa kwezindiza okujwayelekile okuneminyaka engu-33 ubudala, okwasungula uhlaka oluvumela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo emhlabeni jikelele.
| Uhlobo Lokusebenza | imfuneko | uhlelo lwezikhathi |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuwela Umngcele | Ukufaka i-eAPIS | Imizuzu engaphezu kuka-60 ngaphambi kokuhamba |
| Ukuxhumana kwe-ATC | Izindlela ezimbili zomsakazo | Okuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokundiza |
| Imibiko Yezikhundla | Ukuvuselelwa Okuvamile | Ngokwezidingo zendawo |
Izidingo Zezwe Ezihlukene Zesikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A
Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A imisebenzi kumele ihambisane nemithethonqubo ethile yezwe ngalinye. I-ICAO inikeza iziqondiso ezijwayelekile, kodwa iziphathimandla zezindiza zikazwelonke zivame ukuzivumelanisa nale mithetho ukuze ihambisane nezinhlelo zazo zokuphatha izindiza ezikhona.
| Isifunda | Isidingo Sesikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A | Ukucabangela okukhethekile |
|---|---|---|
| I-united states | I-IFR Kuphela | I-ADS-B Out iyimpoqo |
| Canada | I-IFR enemishini ethile | Izindleko ze-NavCan ziyasebenza |
| Amanzi Amazwe Ngamazwe | Amazinga we-ICAO | 12nm ukusuka ogwini |
International Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A imisebenzi ifuna ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza:
-Gcina ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo kwezindlela ezimbili
-Landela imikhawulo yokuphakama kwendawo
-Thobela izidingo zemishini
-Namathela ezidingweni zokubika zezwe elithile
Kudingeka Amadokhumenti Esikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A
International Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A imisebenzi idinga imibhalo enemininingwane. Iphakheji yamadokhumenti ihlanganisa izinto ezithile ngokusekelwe endaweni oya kuyo kanye nomzila:
| Isigaba Sedokhumenti | Izinto ezidingekayo | Isikhathi Sokuqinisekisa |
|---|---|---|
| Imibhalo Yezindiza | Ukubhaliswa, Ukufaneleka Kwendiza | yamanje |
| Iziqinisekiso Zomshayeli Wendiza | Ilayisensi, Ezokwelapha, Isitifiketi Somsakazo | Kusebenza endizeni |
| Imibhalo Yendiza | Uhlelo Lwendiza, Isifinyezo Sesimo Sezulu | yamanje |
Izidingo ezengeziwe zemibhalo yamazwe ngamazwe Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A izindiza zifaka:
*Ilayisensi Yesiteshi Somsakazo yemisebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe
*Amafomu okumemezela amasiko
*ukuqinisekiswa kokugunyazwa kwe-eAPIS
*Izimvume eziqondene nezindiza
Izidingo zemishini zidinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela ngesikhathi somhlaba wonke Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A izindiza. Amathuluzi okuzulazula esimanje kumele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso ze-ICAO kanye nemithethonqubo ethile yezwe. Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A imisebenzi ingadinga amakhodi e-transponder ahlukene kanye nezinqubo zokuxhumana kunezindiza zasekhaya.
Qaphela ukuthi ifomethi yohlelo lwendiza lwe-ICAO iyimpoqo emazweni angaphandle Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A imisebenzi. Amasu okundiza kufanele achaze amakhono emishini kanye nezinqubo eziphuthumayo eziqondene nemisebenzi ephakeme kakhulu. Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A izindiza zidinga imvume ethile kanye nemibhalo efanele kulo lonke uhambo.
Imisebenzi ephezulu yesikhala sezindiza ivame ukweqa imingcele yamazwe ngamazwe neyesifunda. Lokhu kudinga indlela ehlanganisiwe yokuphathwa kwethrafikhi yezindiza. Umehluko wesifunda ezinhlelweni zokuphathwa kwethrafikhi yezindiza kumele ucatshangelwe ngenkathi kugcinwa amazinga okuphepha ahambisanayo emazweni ngamazwe. Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A.
Isiphetho
Impumelelo ku Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A imisebenzi idinga nje ukulungiswa ngokucophelela, ukwenziwa okunembile, kanye nokuqapha njalo. Kumelwe uqonde konke ngezidingo, kusukela ekucacisweni kwemishini kuya ezinqubweni eziphuthumayo.
Ukundiza Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A idinga ngempumelelo:
-Ukujwayelana okuphelele nezinqubo zokungena
-Ukunamathela ngokuqinile ezimisweni zokuxhumana
-Ukugcinwa nokuqinisekiswa kwemishini njalo
-Ukuqonda okuningiliziwe ngamaphethini esimo sezulu
-Amakhono okuphendula okusheshayo ezimweni eziphuthumayo
| Isici Esibucayi | Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile |
|---|---|
| Isisetshenziswa | Ukuqinisekiswa okuvamile kwazo zonke izinhlelo |
| Ukuxhumana | Gcina ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo kwe-ATC |
| Navigation | Gada indawo kanye nokunemba komzila |
| Weather | Hlala usesikhathini ngezimo eziphakeme kakhulu |
Ulwazi lobuchwepheshe oluhlanganiswe nokuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzayo lwakha ubuchwepheshe bakho ku- Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A imisebenzi. Ukuphepha emisebenzini ephakeme kuncike ekwazini ukuthi ungalindela kanjani izinselele futhi uphendule ngendlela efanele lapho izimo zishintsha.
Ukuzijwayeza njalo ngezinqubo eziphuthumayo kanye nokuhlala usesikhathini ngezinguquko zomthetho kuzothuthukisa ukusebenza kwakho Isikhala Sezindiza Sekilasi A amakhono. Ukuthembeka kwemishini, ukuqwashisa ngesimo sezulu, kanye nezinqubo ezifanele kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenzayo ezindaweni eziphakeme.
Xhumana nethimba le-Florida Flyers Flight Academy India namuhla ku- + 91 (0) 1171 816622 ukufunda okuningi nge I-Private Pilot Ground School Course.
