ⓘ TL;DR
- Ukufaneleka komshayeli wendiza eNdiya kudinga iminyaka engaphansi kwengu-10, iminyaka engu-10+2 ene-Physics and Mathematics, kanye nemvume yezokwelapha evunyiwe yi-DGCA.
- Ukungabikho kwe-PCM esikoleni akusona isiphetho. Ungafaneleka nge-NIOS noma amabhodi aqashelwayo alinganayo.
- Ukufaneleka kwezokwelapha kungumgcini wangempela wesango. Njalo gcwalisa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kweBanga loku-1 noma leBanga lesi-2 ngaphambi kokubhalisa.
- Ubuzwe buthinta ukuqashwa, hhayi ukuqeqeshwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuthola amalayisense kanye nokuqasha izindiza kulandela imithetho ehlukene.
- Umthetho wokuqeqeshwa okungu-3 kuya ku-1 kanye nesidingo sezemfundo esingu-60% kuyizihlungi, hhayi izindonga, uma uqonda izindlela ezihlukile.
Okuqukethwe
Yonke inkombandlela yokufaneleka kokuhlolwa kwezindiza eNdiya ibala izidingo ezifanayo. Imingcele yobudala. Iziqu zemfundo. Izindinganiso zezokwelapha. Imithetho yobuzwe. Okungekho neyodwa kuzo echazayo ukuthi kwenzekani uma ungayihlangabezani nayo, noma ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani.
Igebe phakathi kokufunda imfuneko kanye nokufanelekela ngempela ukuyithola yilapho iningi labashayeli bezindiza abafisa ukugijima lilahlekelwa khona amandla. Bahlola ibhokisi, bathole ukuthi bayasilela, bese becabanga ukuthi umnyango uvaliwe. Akuvamile ukuba njalo. Imithetho ikhona ngezizathu ezibalulekile, kodwa izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga nazo zikhona, futhi akekho obhala ngazo.
Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa ukuqonda okungemuva kwayo yonke imithetho yokufaneleka kwe-DGCA kanye nezindlela zangempela zokufaneleka uma ungahambisani nephrofayili ejwayelekile. Ngeke nje uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izidingo, kodwa nokuthi kungani zikhona nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma uphuthelwa yinye.
Umthetho Weminyaka Othinta Iningi Labafaka Izicelo
Izidingo zeminyaka yobudala ze ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza eNdiya akuzona izinombolo ezingahleliwe ezithathwe encwadini yemithethonqubo. Zikhona ngoba i-DGCA yakha uhlaka lwayo lwelayisensi oluzungeze ubude besikhathi somsebenzi kanye nobude besikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, kanti igebe phakathi kwalokho okushiwo yimithetho nalokho abafaki bezicelo abakucabangayo yilapho abantu abaningi bekhubeka khona.
Ilayisensi Yomshayeli Wendiza Yabafundi ivula eneminyaka engu-17, kanti Ilayisensi Yomshayeli Wendiza Yezentengiselwano idinga ukuthi ube neminyaka engu-18. Le minyaka ihambisana nesikhathi lapho umuntu ozongenela ukhetho angathwala khona umthwalo wemfanelo wokusebenzisa indiza ngokusemthethweni nalapho evame ukuqeda imfundo yakhe ye-10+2. Umqondo ulula: awukwazi ukuqala ukuqeqeshwa ungakakhuli ngokwanele ukusingatha izidingo zemfundo nezomzimba, futhi awukwazi ukuba ne-CPL uze ube ngumuntu omdala ngokusemthethweni.
Umkhawulo weminyaka engama-35 wezinhlelo ze-cadet zezindiza yilapho kuhlala khona ukungezwani kwangempela. Lo mkhawulo ukhona ngoba izindiza zifuna imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwazo koqeqesho, umshayeli wendiza oqashwe eneminyaka engama-35 uneminyaka embalwa yokusebenza ngaphambi kweminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi eyi-65. Kumuntu omdala kuneminyaka engama-35 osafuna ukundiza, indlela ayivaliwe. Ukuhamba ngendiza ngasese, imisebenzi yokuqasha, kanye nezindima zokufundisa zihlala zivulekile, futhi abashayeli bezindiza abaningi bakha imisebenzi eyanelisayo ngaphandle kohlelo lwezindiza.
Iphutha elenziwa iningi labafakizicelo abadala ukucabanga ukuthi umkhawulo wohlelo lwe-cadet usebenza kuwo wonke amalayisense okushayela. Akunjalo. ukufaneleka kokuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza eNdiya Uhlaka luhlukanisa ukuqashwa kwezindiza nelayisensi, futhi ukuqonda ukuthi umehluko yikona okugcina umnyango uvulekele abaqala sekwephuzile.
Kwenzekani Uma Ungathathi I-PCM?
Uvalo luyaqala lapho uqaphela ukuthi ukusakazwa kwakho kwe-10+2 kwakuyiCommerce noma Arts kanti i-DGCA idinga iFiziksi, iMathematics, kanye nesiNgisi. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinto engenakwenzeka. Akuyona into engenakwenzeka. Kuyindlela ephambukayo edinga ukulungiswa okuthile kunokuqala kabusha ngokuphelele.
Ngaphambi: Uchitha amasonto ucwaninga ngezikole zezindiza, bese uthola ukuthi ifomu ngalinye lesicelo licela amamaki akho e-PCM. Uhlola ukuthi Ukufaneleka komshayeli we-cadet we-Air India ikhasi bese uqinisekisa isidingo esinzima. Ukucabanga kuyaqina: ukukhetha kwakho ukusakaza uneminyaka eyishumi nesithupha kuvale unomphela indlela yomsebenzi owayithola uneminyaka engamashumi amabili nambili. Uyawushiya lo mbono noma uqale ukucwaninga izinhlelo zamazwe ngamazwe ezibizayo ezidlula izidingo zaseNdiya ngokuphelele.
Ngemuva kwalokho: Ubhalisa kwiNational Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) bese uthatha iFiziksi, iMathematics, kanye nesiNgisi njengezifundo ezihlukene. Lezi izivivinyo ezijwayelekile zezinga lebhodi, hhayi izinguqulo ezilula. Ufunda isilabhasi efanayo, ubhala izivivinyo ezifanayo, futhi uthola isitifiketi esifanayo nanoma yimuphi umfundi webhodi le-CBSE noma lesifundazwe.
Umphumela uba isitifiketi esibuyekeziwe se-10+2 esihlangabezana nezidingo ze-DGCA ngaphandle kokuphinda yonke iminyaka yakho emibili yokufunda. Ezinye izikole zezindiza nazo zamukela iziqu ezifanayo ezivela kumabhodi aqashelwayo, ngakho-ke ukuhlola izinqubomgomo zesikole ngasinye ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ku-NIOS kusindisa isikhathi.
Umzila owukhethile eneminyaka eyishumi nesithupha awunqumi ukuthi uzoba yipilothi elingakanani eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nanhlanu. Ukuzimisela ukuthatha izivivinyo ezintathu ezengeziwe kuyakwenza lokho.
Ukufaneleka Kwezokwelapha: Umgcini Wesango Akekho Oxwayisa Ngaye
The ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kuqeda amaphupho amaningi okuhlola kunanoma yiziphi izidingo zemfundo. Iningi labafundi abafisayo lichitha izinyanga lilungiselela amamaki abo futhi alikaze lihlole ukuthi imizimba yabo izodlula yini amazinga e-DGCA anquma ukufaneleka.
Izidingo zihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbalwa ezingaxoxiswana ngazo:
- Isigaba 1 sezokwelapha sabashayeli bezindiza bezentengiselwano
- Isigaba sesi-2 sezokwelapha sabashayeli bezindiza abazimele
- Umbono ungalungiswa ube ngu-6/6 emehlweni womabili
- Akukho ukungaboni kombala kwanoma yiliphi izinga
- Ukuzwa okuvamile ezindlebeni zombili
- Umlando ohlanzekile wenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi
- Azikho izifo ezingamahlalakhona ngaphandle kokwenqatshwa okukhethekile
- Umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile kanye namazinga kashukela egazini
Okwenza lesi sivivinyo sibe nesihluku akuzona izindinganiso zomuntu ngamunye kodwa umphumela ohlangene. Umuntu ozongenela ukhetho angaphumelela umbono, ahluleke ngokukhononda kwenhliziyo okungatholakalanga, futhi angazi ukuthi yimuphi uchwepheshe okufanele akhulume naye ukuze athole umbono wesibili. I-DGCA ayishicileli uhlu lwezimo ezifanelekela ukuxolelwa, okushiya abaningi abafunayo bebambeke phakathi kokuhlolwa okuhlulekile kanye nesinyathelo esilandelayo esicacile.
Qala ngokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi esikhungweni sezokwelapha esivunyiwe ngaphambi kokuzibophezela kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa. izindlela zokufaneleka zokushayela indiza Ikhasi le-Cosmoi Pilot lichaza ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezaziyo izindlela zokungafaneleki. Ukwazi ukuthi ukuhlolwa kuhlola ini ngempela kunikeza ithuba lokulwa lokuxazulula izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zingafaneleki.
Umbuzo Wobuzwe Okungekho Ongawuphendula Ngokucacile
Iningi labaqondisi liphatha ubuzwe njengebhokisi lokuhlola elilula elithi yebo-cha, kodwa iqiniso libanzi kakhulu. Ubuzwe baseNdiya buyadingeka emisebenzini yezindiza zezentengiselwano ngaphakathi eNdiya kanye nasezindimeni ze-Air Force, kodwa imithetho ephathelene nokuqeqeshwa ayinciphisi kakhulu kunalokho abaningi abafisayo abakucabangayo. Ukudideka kuvela ekuxazululeni ukudideka ngokuthi ubani ongaqeqeshwa nokuthi ubani ongaqashwa.
Abantu abangebona izakhamuzi bangaqeqeshwa ngokuphelele ezikoleni zezindiza zaseNdiya futhi bathole imali I-DGCA CPL. Lo mkhawulo uqala esigabeni sokuqashwa, abantu bakwamanye amazwe abakwazi ukusebenza njengabashayeli bezindiza bezentengiselwano zezindiza zaseNdiya ngaphandle kwemvume ethile engavamile ukunikezwa. Lokhu kudala isimo esidumazayo lapho umuntu eqeda ukuqeqeshwa kodwa engakwazi ukusebenzisa ilayisensi yasekhaya.
Indlela yokuxazulula le nkinga ilula kulabo abazimisele ukubheka ngale kwemingcele yaseNdiya. Qeqesha kwamanye amazwe, e-United States, eCanada, noma eYurophu, bese ubuyela ne-CPL engaguqulwa ngenqubo yokulingana ye-DGCA. Ezinye izindiza zakwamanye amazwe nazo ziqhuba izinhlelo ze-cadet ezivulekele izakhamuzi zaseNdiya kanye nama-NRI, zidlula ngokuphelele umkhawulo wokuqashwa kwasekhaya. indlela yokuba umshayeli wendiza akudingeki ukuthi kuqale futhi kuphele ngaphakathi kohlaka lokulawula lwase-India.
Ama-NRI abhekene nesethi yemithetho ehluke kancane. Izinhlelo ezithile zama-cadet zamukela ngokusobala abafakizicelo baseNdiya abangebona abahlali, futhi i-DGCA ayibavimbeli ama-NRI ekuqeqeshweni ngaphakathi. Umbuzo wangempela uwukuthi ingabe ukutshalwa kwezimali koqeqesho kunengqondo uma umgomo kuwumsebenzi wezindiza waseNdiya, futhi kuma-NRI amaningi, ukuqeqeshwa kwamanye amazwe kunikeza ukuguquguquka okungcono.
Umthetho wokuba yisakhamuzi awulona udonga. Uwuphawu olukhomba indlela yokuqeqeshwa ehambisana nendawo okuhloswe ukuba kuyo umsebenzi.
Kungani Umthetho Wamaphesenti Angu-60 Ukhona Futhi Uma Ungasebenzi
Imfuneko engu-60% iyonke ku-10+2 ayibalulekile kangako ekuqapheni amasango ezemfundo kodwa imayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-DGCA kokuthi umuntu ozongenela ukhetho angakwazi yini ukubhekana nomthwalo wolwazi wokuqeqeshwa kwendiza.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwabashayeli bezindiza bezentengiselwano kudinga ukumuncwa okusheshayo kwe-aerodynamics, ukuzulazula, i-meteorology, kanye nezinhlelo zezindiza, izinto ezakhelwe ngqo ezisekelweni zefiziksi nezibalo. Lo mthetho ukhona ngoba abafundi ababenenkinga yalezi zifundo esikoleni abavamile ukubamba ingcindezi yesimiso sokuqeqeshwa.
Ukuthola amaphuzu angaphansi kuka-60% akuvali yonke iminyango. Ezinye izinhlelo ze-cadet zisebenza ngemikhawulo ephansi, ikakhulukazi lezo eziqhutshwa yizinkampani zezindiza ezibeka phambili ukuhlolwa kokufaneleka kunemiphumela yezivivinyo. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa izinqubo zazo zokuhlola, izivivinyo ze-psychometric, ukuhlolwa kwe-simulator, kanye nezingxoxo, ukuhlola abazongenela ukhetho ngqo kunokuthembela emibhalweni yezemfundo njengommeleli.
I-National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) inikeza indlela ewusizo kubafundi abadinga ukuphinda bathathe iFiziksi, iMathematika, noma isiNgisi ukuze bahlangabezane nomkhawulo. Lokhu akuyona indlela emfushane. Kudinga ukuqeda umsebenzi wesikole nokupasa izivivinyo ngokuzimela, kaningi ngenkathi kuphathwa ezinye izibopho. Kodwa kuyindlela esemthethweni eqashelwa yi-DGCA, futhi isize abantu abaningi abathatha i-Commerce noma i-Arts esikoleni ukuthi bashintshele emisebenzini yezindiza.
Ezinye izikole zezindiza zamukela iziqu ezifanayo ezivela kumabhodi aqashelwayo, ikakhulukazi kubafundi bamazwe ngamazwe noma labo abaneziqu emikhakheni efanele. Isihluthulelo ukuqinisekisa nesikole kanye ne-DGCA ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ohlelweni lokuqeqesha. I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy isebenza nabafundi abadinga ukuhlangabezana nale mfuneko ngezindlela ezihlukile, ibasize ukuthi babone ukuthi yiziphi izinketho ezisebenza esizindeni sabo esithile sezemfundo.
Umthetho we-60% uyisihlungi, hhayi udonga. Umbuzo uwukuthi ngabe umuntu ozongenela ukhetho uzimisele yini ukwenza umsebenzi owengeziwe ukuze abonise ukulungela ngendlela ehlukile.
Izindleko Zangempela Zokuhlangabezana Nezidingo Zonke
Intengo yokuba umshayeli wendiza eNdiya iyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi ukhetha yiphi indlela, futhi inketho eshibhile kusengaphambili ayivamile ukuba yiyo engabizi kakhulu esikhathini eside. I-DGCA CPL evela esikoleni sezindiza saseNdiya ibukeka ingabizi kakhulu ephepheni, kodwa izindleko ezifihliwe njengehora lokuqeqeshwa elandisiwe kanye nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuphindaphindiwe kuvame ukukhulisa izindleko zokugcina.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwamanye amazwe noma ngohlelo lwe-cadet kushintsha ngokuphelele isakhiwo sezindleko, kuhwetshwe ngemali ephezulu kusengaphambili ukuze kutholakale isikhathi esisheshayo kanye nezimanga ezimbalwa.
Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezindlela Zokuqeqesha Abashayeli Bezindiza
Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwezindleko, izikhathi zesikhathi, kanye nezindleko ezifihliwe ezihlobene nemizila eyinhloko eya elayisensini yezentengiselwano.
| Indlela | Iphrofayili Yezindleko | Isikhathi Sokuthola Ilayisense | Izindleko Ezifihliwe Eziyinhloko |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-DGCA CPL eNdiya | Okumaphakathi kusengaphambili, okuguquguqukayo okuphezulu | 18-24 izinyanga ejwayelekile | Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuphindaphindiwe, ukuthathwa kabusha kwezindiza esikoleni samabanga aphansi, ukubambezeleka kokutholakala kwezindiza |
| Uhlelo lweKhadethi (i-IndiGo, i-Air India) | Izindleko eziphezulu kusengaphambili, ezizinzile | Izinyanga eziyi-12-18 | Imali yebhondi, indawo yokuhlala, iyunifomu kanye nemishini |
| Ukuqeqeshwa Kwamanye Amazwe (e-USA, eCanada) | Okuphezulu kusengaphambili, okubikezelwayo | Izinyanga eziyi-12-16 | Izindleko ze-Visa, izindleko zokuphila, izimali zokuguqula i-CPL |
| I-EASA ATPL (eYurophu) | Okuphezulu kakhulu kusengaphambili | Izinyanga eziyi-18-24 | Ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe bolimi, isilinganiso sohlobo, ukuguqulwa kube yi-DGCA |
Kwabaningi abafisa ukuba yi-Indian, uhlelo lwe-cadet lunikeza inani elihle kakhulu elilungisiwe ngengozi, izindleko eziphezulu kusengaphambili, kodwa isikhathi esinqunyiwe kanye nengxoxo yendiza eqinisekisiwe ekugcineni. Ukuqeqeshwa kwamanye amazwe kusebenza kahle kulabo abafuna ukuthuthuka okusheshayo futhi abazimisele ukuphatha amaphepha okuguqulwa kamuva.
Indlela yasekhaya ye-DGCA isalokhu iyindawo yokungena efinyeleleka kalula, kodwa kuphela uma ungakwazi ukwamukela ukungaqiniseki kwezindleko eziguquguqukayo kanye nezikhathi ezinde.
Ngaphambi kokuzibophezela kunoma iyiphi indlela, qinisekisa ukufaneleka kwakho kwezokwelapha kuqala, yindleko eyodwa okungekho mali engayilungisa uma wehluleka. Hlola yonke imininingwane. izidingo zokufaneleka komshayeli wendiza ukuze ubone ukuthi iyiphi indlela ehambisana nesimo sakho esithile.
Okushiwo Umthetho We-3 kuya ku-1 Ekuqeqeshweni Kwakho
Umthetho we-3 kuya ku-1 uyimfuneko ye-DGCA yokuthi njalo emahoreni amathathu okuqeqeshwa kwendiza, umfundi kumele aqedele ihora elilodwa lokufundiswa phansi. Lesi silinganiso akusona isiphakamiso noma isiqondiso, siwumthetho omncane oqukethwe esakhiweni sesilabhasi esinquma ukuthi amahora akho okuqeqeshwa ayabalwa yini elayisensini yakho.
Iningi labafundi abafuna umsebenzi wesikole samabanga aphansi liphatha isikole samabanga aphansi njengomsebenzi wesikole ongawukhetha, abangawenza ngokuzikhandla kamuva. Lokho kucabanga kuyahluleka ngoba umthetho we-3 kuya ku-1 uhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa kwamabanga aphansi kanye nokundiza ngokulandelana kwezikhathi, hhayi nje ngamahora aphelele. Umfundi obhala amahora angamashumi amane esikhathi sokundiza ngaphandle kwamahora ahambisanayo angaphansi komhlaba uzothola lawo mahora okundiza enqatshiwe ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa kwesicelo selayisense.
Umthetho ukhona ngoba i-DGCA idinga inani elincane lamahora okuqeqesha lilonke, futhi isilinganiso siqinisekisa ukuthi ukufundiswa komhlaba kuhambisana nokundiza okusebenzayo. isikole samabanga aphansi Akugcini isikhathi, kudala ukusilela emuva okubambezela yonke indiza elandelayo kuze kube yilapho amahora okusebenza phansi efika. Izikole ezihlela ukuqeqeshwa komhlaba kanye nendiza ngokwahlukana zivame ukushiya abafundi belinde amasonto ukuze amaphepha ahambisane.
Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezihlanganisiwe Xazulula lokhu ngokuhlanganisa isifundo ngasinye sokundiza nengxenye yaso yasemhlabathini ngosuku olufanayo. I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy yakha uhlelo lwayo ukuze imfundo yasemhlabathini ilandele yonke ibhlogo lokundiza, okusho ukuthi isilinganiso sihlangatshezwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokuba umfundi ayilandelele ngokwehlukana. Umthetho uyeka ukuba yinkinga yokuthobela imithetho futhi ube yisigqi sokufundisa.
Isinyathelo Sakho Esilandelayo Ngemva Kokuhlola Ibhokisi Elilodwa
Ukufaneleka kokuqeqeshwa kokushayela izindiza eNdiya akuyona into ongayenza noma ongayitholi. Kuyisistimu enezingxenye ezihambayo, ngayinye ine-logic kanye nesisombululo esingakhulunywa ngaso ngabaqondisi abaningi.
Umfundi ongena esikoleni sezindiza esevele eqinisekisile ukufaneleka kwakhe kwezokwelapha futhi ekhethe indlela yokuqeqesha ehambisana nesizinda sakhe sezemfundo uzosindisa izinyanga zokudideka kanye nezinkulungwane zemali echithwayo. Umfundi ophatha ukufaneleka njengohlu lokuhlola okufanele lukhethwe ngokulandelana uzothola ukuthi ibhokisi elilodwa elingakafakwanga uphawu liphazamisa konke phakathi nokuqeqeshwa.
Qinisekisa ukufaneleka kwakho kwezokwelapha kuqala. Leso sinyathelo esisodwa sinquma okuningi ngendlela yakho kunanoma iyiphi enye imfuneko. Bese ukhetha umlingani wokuqeqesha oqonda ukuthi le mithetho ixhumana kanjani. I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy isiza abafundi ukuthi bahambe ohlelweni oluphelele lokufaneleka, kusukela ekuhlolweni kwangaphambili kwezokwelapha kuya kwezinye izindlela zemfundo, ngakho-ke imithetho iba umhlahlandlela kunokuba ibe yisithiyo.
Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana Nokufaneleka Komshayeli Wezindiza eNdiya
Ngingaba umshayeli wendiza uma ngigqoka izibuko?
Yebo, ukugqoka izibuko akukuvimbeli ekubeni umshayeli wendiza eNdiya. I-DGCA idinga ukuthi umbono wakho ulungiswe ube yi-6/6 esweni ngalinye, okusho ukuthi izibuko noma ama-contact lens amukeleka ngokuphelele uma nje umbono wakho ongalungiswanga uhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphansi.
Kwenzekani uma ngihluleka ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha?
Ukwehluleka ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha akuwona njalo ukuphela kwendlela, njengoba ezinye izimo zingasuswa ngemvume yochwepheshe evela ku-DGCA. Isihluthulelo ukuhlonza ukuthi iyiphi ipharamitha ethile ohlulekile kuyo bese uphishekela ukwelashwa kokuhoxiswa noma kokulungisa ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo kabusha, kunokuba ucabange ukuthi umphumela ungowokugcina.
Ingabe kukhona umkhawulo weminyaka yokuba umshayeli wendiza eNdiya?
Yebo, kunemingcele yeminyaka, kodwa incike ohlotsheni lokundiza ofuna ukukwenza. Udinga okungenani ube neminyaka engu-17 ukuze uthole iLayisensi Yomshayeli Wabafundi kanye no-18 ukuze uthole iLayisensi Yomshayeli Wezohwebo, kuyilapho izinhlelo ze-cadet zivame ukuvala ukungena ku-35, yize ukundiza kwangasese kuhlala kuvulekile kakhulu ngale kwaleyo minyaka.
Uyini umthetho we-3 kuya ku-1 wabashayeli bezindiza?
Umthetho we-3 kuya ku-1 udinga ukuthi njalo emahoreni amathathu okuqeqeshwa kwendiza oqedayo, kufanele futhi ubhalise ihora elilodwa lokufundiswa komhlaba. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi wakha ulwazi lwethiyori kanye namakhono okundiza asebenzayo, futhi izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezihlanganisiwe zisingatha lokhu kubhangqa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze ungalokothi ulahlekelwe yimithetho.
