ⓘ TL;DR
- Ukufaneleka kwe-CPL kuqala xa umntu eneminyaka eli-18 ubudala ngesatifikethi sezonyango esisemthethweni seKlasi 1. Akukho cockpit yezonyango, akukho cockpit yorhwebo.
- Iimfuno zemfundo ziyahluka ngokwamazwe. I-India ifuna ama-50% kwiMathematika nakwiFiziksi. Uninzi lwamanye amagunya afuna idiploma yesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kuphela.
- Ubuncinane beeyure zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya buqala kwi-150 ukuya kwi-250 kuxhomekeke kwigunya. Iyure nganye ibiza imali, ngoko ke khetha indlela yakho yoqeqesho ngobuchule.
- Ilayisenisi yokuqhuba umqhubi wenqwelo moya yabucala iyimfuneko ngaphambi kokuba uqale uqeqesho lwe-CPL. Iinkqubo ezidibeneyo ziyayiquka, kodwa awunakuyitsiba.
- Ulandelelwano lubalulekile: fumana unyango lwakho kuqala, qala i-PPL yakho kwangethuba, kwaye wakhe iiyure rhoqo. Ukufaneleka akubhekiselele kwitalente, kuxhomekeke ekucoceni isango ngalinye ngokulandelelana.
Isiqulatho
Ukufaneleka kwe-CPL kuthathwa njengoluhlu lokuhlola, kodwa uluhlu lokuhlola aluhluzi ukuze kufunyanwe ubukrelekrele. Luhluza ukuze kufunyanwe amaphepha.
Isihluzo sokwenyani ngumsantsa phakathi kokwazi iimfuno kunye nokuhlangabezana nazo phantsi kweemeko zokwenyani. Imibuzo yobude, izinto ezimangalisayo zonyango, izikhewu zemfundo. Uninzi lwezikhokelo ludwelisa izinto ozifunayo. Zimbalwa ezichaza ukuba kutheni kukho imfuneko nganye okanye indlela yokusebenza kuzo ezo zikhubekisayo abantu.
Eli nqaku lidibanisa ikhrayitheriya nganye yokufaneleka kwe-CPL nesizathu esisebenzayo kwaye linika iindlela zokusombulula ezo zinzima. Ukuphakama, ezonyango, izifundo. Injongo asikokwazi nje into efunekayo. Injongo kukususa yonke imiqobo ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha kwindlela engalunganga.
Imfuneko Encinci Yobudala kunye Nesizathu Sokuba Ikho
Uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanomdla bacinga ukuba imfuneko yobudala yibhokisi nje yokujonga elawulwa yi-bureaucratic. Akunjalo. ubudala obuncinci bomqhubi wenqwelomoya yorhwebo isiqinisekiso sikhona kuba i-cockpit ifuna inqanaba lokugweba elingenakukhawuleza.
Abalawuli bamisela umgangatho kwishumi elinesibhozo kwi-CPL kunye neshumi elinesixhenxe kwi-PPL. Umahluko phakathi kwale minyaka mibini awungowokuqikelelwa. Ubonisa umahluko phakathi kokubhabha phantsi kweliso kunye nokuthatha uxanduva olupheleleyo lwabakhweli kunye nemithwalo. Ababhali beinshurensi nabo bayaqhuba oku. Abayi kumqinisekisa umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka ukuba uqesha inqwelo-moya, kwaye akukho sikolo seenqwelo-moya esinokusebenza ngaphandle komshuwalense.
Amanye amazwe anyusa ubuncinci. I-United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority ibeka ubuncinci be-CPL kwishumi elinesibhozo, kodwa ezinye iinkqubo zifuna ukuba abaviwa babe ngamashumi amabini anesithathu ngaphambi kokuba babe ngabaqhubi bovavanyo kwimisebenzi yorhwebo. Oku akusiso isithintelo. Luphawu lokuba eli shishini lixabisa amava ngaphezu kwesantya.
Kuthekani ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo? Usengaqala. Eyona ndlela ikrelekrele kukufumana i-PPL yakho ngelixa ulindile. Ngaleyo ndlela, ngomhla oza kuba neminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo, awuqali ukusuka kwi-zero. Ulungele ukuqala uqeqesho lorhwebo ngoko nangoko. Umthetho weminyaka lisango, hayi udonga. Hamba ngalo ulungele.
khangela iimfuno ezithile zobudala ilizwe ojolise kulo ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele kwisikolo. Imithetho iyahluka kakhulu kunokuba uninzi lwabaqondisi beencwadi bevuma.
Ukuqina Kwempilo Kwezonyango: Umgcini-sango Ongenakukwazi Ukuwutsiba
Uvavanyo lwezonyango aluyonto iqhelekileyo. Sesona sizathu siqhelekileyo sokuba abaviwa abafanelekileyo bangafiki kwi-cockpit. Uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanomdla bagxila kwiiyure zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunye namanqaku emfundo, kodwa isatifikethi sezonyango simisela ukuba ezo yure namanqaku abalulekile na.
Iiklasi ezimbini zichaza indlela. Udidi loku-1 luyimfuneko kwilayisenisi yokuqhuba umqhubi wenqwelomoya. Udidi lwesi-2 lugubungela imisebenzi yokuqhuba umqhubi wenqwelomoya yabucala. Umahluko awungoworhulumente. Iimviwo zeklasi yoku-1 zihlola nzulu, imigangatho yombono ingqongqo, uvavanyo lwentliziyo lucokisekile ngakumbi, kwaye imbali yempilo yengqondo ijongwa ngokusondeleyo. Umviwa ophumeleleyo kwiklasi yesi-2 usenokungaphumeleli kwiklasi yoku-1. Loo msantsa ubamba abaninzi ngokungalindelekanga.
Olu vavanyo lugubungela ukubona, ukuva, ukusebenza kwentliziyo, kunye nempilo yengqondo. Indawo nganye inemida ethile. Ukungaboni ngombala yinto eqhelekileyo engafanelekanga, kodwa kukho ukungavunyelwa kwiintlobo ezithile. Amanye amayeza anqunyelwe. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi ukuba zeziphi iimeko ezinokuxoxiswana ngazo nezingekhoyo. Umviwa one-asthma elawulwayo okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi unokuhlala efanelekile ngoxwebhu olufanelekileyo. Umviwa one-depression enganyangwanga okanye imbali yokusebenzisa iziyobisi gwenxa ujongene nendlela enzima.
Ukuphakama ngumbuzo obangela ixhala kakhulu. Akukho buncinci bungqongqo bokuphakama. Imfuneko iyasebenza: kufuneka ufikelele kuzo zonke iindlela zokulawula kwaye ubone ngaphaya kwephaneli yezixhobo. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya oneemitha ezi-5 ubude unokubhabha iCessna 172 enemiqamelo yesihlalo kunye neepedali zerudder ezihlengahlengiswayo. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya oneemitha ezi-6 neesentimitha ezi-5 unokubandezeleka kwiPiper Archer. Inqwelo moya ibaluleke ngaphezu kwenani elikwiteyiphu yokulinganisa.
ukuqonda Iiklasi zesatifikethi sezonyango se-FAA ngaphambi kokuba uqale uqeqesho kuthintela ukuchitha ixesha nemali. Ukungaphumeleli kwezonyango emva kweenyanga zokufundiswa ngenqwelo moya sisiphumo esibi kakhulu. Jonga iimfuno kuqala. Konke okunye kuyalandela.
Iimfaneleko Zemfundo: Zeziphi Izifundo Ezibalulekileyo
Iimfuneko zemfundo zokufaneleka kwe-CPL ziyahluka ngokwengingqi kunokuba uninzi lwabaqondisi bezifundo bevuma. Isiseko se-universal yidiploma yesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo okanye into efanayo, kodwa izifundo ezithile ezibalulekileyo zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwindawo oqeqeshwa kuyo.
- I-DGCA (eIndiya): i-50% kwiMathematika nakwiFiziksi kwi-10+2
- I-FAA (e-USA): Akukho mfuneko yesifundo esithile
- I-CASA (e-Australia): Akukho zifundo zithile, ulwazi lwesiNgesi luyimfuneko
- I-EASA (eYurophu): Idiploma yesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, izifundo zesayensi ziyacetyiswa
- I-Transport Canada: Idiploma yeBanga le-12, akukho zifundo zincinci
- I-CAA yase-UK: ii-GCSEs kwisiNgesi, kwiMathematika, nakwiSayensi kwibanga C nangaphezulu
Indlela ecacileyo icacile: imibutho elawulayo efuna izifundo ezithile ayingomthetho. I-DGCA yaseIndiya yeyona ingqongqo, ifuna amanqaku aphantsi angama-50% kwiMathematika nakwiFiziksi ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zayo. ukufaneleka koviwo lwe-CPLLe mfuneko ikhona kuba ikharityhulam ye-DGCA ithatha ukuqonda okusisiseko kwe-aerodynamics, izibalo zokuhamba, kunye nethiyori yokusebenza kweenqwelo moya.
Kubaviwa abangaphandle kweIndiya, ukungabikho kweemfuno zezifundo akuthethi ukuba izifundo azibalulekanga. Izakhono eziqinileyo zezibalo kunye nefiziksi zinciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ixesha lokufunda kwiimviwo ezibhaliweyo ze-CPL. Inyathelo elisebenzayo kukujonga Iimfuno zemfundo ze-DGCA CPL ukuba uqeqeshwa eIndiya, okanye uqinisekise ukuma kwegunya lasekuhlaleni ngaphambi kokuba ubhalise. Umviwa onengxaki ye-algebra esisiseko uya kufumana icandelo le-navigation kunye ne-meteorology lisohlwaya nokuba ubuncinci bomthetho bungakanani.
Ubuncinane beYure yeNdiza: Umqobo wokwenene wokungena
Iimfuneko zeeyure zendiza zahlukile kakhulu ngokwelizwe kunye nendlela yoqeqesho, kwaye olo tshintsho lugqiba ukuba uhambo lokufaneleka kwe-CPL luya kubiza malini. Amanani abonakala njengeenkcukacha ze-bureaucratic de uqonde ukuba iyure nganye itshisa amafutha, ixesha lomqeqeshi, kunye neentlawulo zokuqeshisa iinqwelomoya. Ukuqonda umahluko ngumahluko phakathi kohlahlo-lwabiwo mali olusebenzayo noluwayo.
| Igunya | Iiyure zizonke ezifunekayo | Ulwahlulo lweZihluthulelo |
|---|---|---|
| Inxalenye ye-FAA 61 | Iiyure 250 | I-100 PIC, i-50 cross-country, isixhobo se-10, ubusuku obu-5 |
| Inxalenye ye-FAA 141 | Iiyure 190 | Isilabhasi ecwangcisiweyo, iiyure ezimbalwa zizonke ziyafuneka |
| I-DGCA (eIndiya) | Iiyure 200 | I-100 PIC, i-50 cross-country, isixhobo se-10, ubusuku obu-5 |
| I-CASA (eOstreliya) | Iiyure 150 | 70 PIC, 20 cross-country, 5 nights, 5 instrument |
| Ezothutho Canada | Iiyure 200 | I-100 PIC, i-40 cross-country, isixhobo se-20, ubusuku obu-5 |
Indlela ye-FAA yeCandelo 141 yeyona iphumeleleyo kubafundi abaqaphela iindleko. Inciphisa iiyure ezingama-60 kwindlela yeCandelo 61 ngokulandela isilabhasi elawulwa kakuhle. Nabani na ongeza umlinganiselo weenjini ezininzi kamva, i-FAA ifuna ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-65 zokubhabha zizonke kwi isatifikethi sokuqhuba iinjini ezininzi zorhwebo, kodwa loo nto yongezwayo, hayi i-CPL yokuqala.
Ubuncinane beeyure ezili-150 zeCASA bubukeka buhle, kodwa iindleko zoqeqesho lwase-Australia ngeyure ziphezulu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: khetha igunya lakho ngokusekelwe kwindawo oceba ukuhamba kuyo, kungekuphela nje inani leeyure. Ubuncinane beeyure zendiza zeCandelo 141 zibonelela ngendlela ekhawulezayo eya kwi-CPL, kodwa kuphela xa isikolo sivunyiwe kuloo silabhasi.
Imfuneko yeLayisensi yoMqhubi waBucala
Uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanomdla wokuqhuba ishishini bacinga ukuba banokungena ngqo kuqeqesho lwe-CPL. Loo ngcinga ayilunganga. Imfuneko ye-PPL kwi-CPL ayiloxesha lolawulo oluqhelekileyo, sisiseko esifunekayo kumqhubi wenqwelo moya wezorhwebo ngaphambi kokuba abhabhe ukuze afumane imali.
Uqeqesho lwe-CPL lucinga ukuba sele uyazi indlela yokuhamba, ukunxibelelana kwirediyo, kunye nokwenza imisebenzi esisiseko. Ezo zakhono azifundiswa kwasekuqaleni kwinkqubo yorhwebo. Ziyavavanywa kwaye zingqinwe ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwe-PPL. Ngaphandle kobo bungqina, akukho sikolo sokubhabha esiya kukuvumela ukuba usondele kwisilabhasi ye-CPL.
Ezinye iinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo zibhengeza iindlela ezingenanto ukuya kwi-CPL. Ezi nkqubo ziquka i-PPL njengesigaba sokuqala. Uvavanyo lwe-PPL kufuneka ludlule ngaphambi kokuba ludlulele kwinqanaba lorhwebo. Akukho ndlela imfutshane ejikeleze ilayisenisi yabucala ngokwayo.
Ingqiqo ilula. Umnini we-CPL unokuthwala abakhweli kunye nemithwalo ukuze afumane imbuyekezo. Loo mbopheleleko ifuna isiseko sobuchule esisekwe kwi-PPL. Ukuyitsiba kuthetha ukuqeqesha abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abangazange babhabhe bodwa besuka kwilizwe ukuya kwelinye okanye bajongane nokusilela kwerediyo bodwa. Akukho mlawuli uvumela oko.
Le mfuneko idala isihluzo sendalo. Abaviwa abanengxaki ye-PPL, nokuba basebenza kakubi emoyeni, umsebenzi werediyo obuthathaka, okanye ukuhla okungahambelaniyo, abaphumeleli kakhulu kwinqanaba lezorhwebo. I-PPL ayifundisi nje izakhono kuphela. Ityhila ukuba ngubani olungele inyathelo elilandelayo.
Ubuchule boLwimi kunye noVavanyo lwesiNgesi
Ubuchule boLwimi lwesiNgesi lwe-ICAO Inqanaba lesi-4 yeyona ndlela iphantsi yokusebenza kwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya ababhabha kumazwe ngamazwe okanye abanxibelelana nolawulo lwezithuthi zomoya ngesiNgesi. Ivavanya ubuchule bomviwa bokuthetha, ukumamela, ukufunda, kunye nokubiza isiNgesi ngokucacileyo ngokwaneleyo ukusingatha iimeko zeenqwelo moya eziqhelekileyo nezingezizo ezesiqhelo ngaphandle kokungacaci.
Le mfuneko ibangela ukuba abaviwa abaninzi bangalindelanga. Abantu abathetha isiNgesi bacinga ukuba bakhululekile. Abanjalo. Olu vavanyo luvavanya unxibelelwano oluhambelana neenqwelo moya, ukucaca phantsi koxinzelelo, indlela yokubiza amagama ethintela ukudideka, kunye nokukwazi ukuphinda amagama xa kungaqondwa kakuhle. Indlela yokubiza amagama ayiqinisekisi amanqaku okuphumelela.
Olu vavanyo ngokwalo lucwangciswe ngokweemeko zeenqwelo-moya. Abaviwa bafunda iimvume zokuqhuba, bachaza iimeko zongxamiseko, baze baphendule kwiifowuni zerediyo ezilinganisiweyo. Injongo ayikokusebenzisa ulwimi olugqibeleleyo. Kukuqondakala okusebenzayo kwindawo yenqwelo-moya apho igama elinye eliviwe kakubi linokuba nemiphumo emibi.
Kwabo bangengabo abathetha ulwimi lwenkobe, ukulungiselela kulula kodwa kufuna ukuzinikela. Iikhosi zokulungiselela isiNgesi ngenqwelomoya gxila kwisigama esithile kunye ne-phraseology esetyenziswa kwindawo yomoya yamazwe ngamazwe. Uvavanyo lunokuphinda lwenziwe ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ingozi yokwenyani ayiphumeleli nakanye, kukuthatha ukuba ukutyibilika kwesiNgesi semihla ngemihla kuguqulela ukutyibilika kwirediyo.
Intsingiselo ilula. Cwangcisa uvavanyo kwangethuba kwixesha lakho loqeqesho. Ingxaki yezonyango ingasuswa. Ukusilela kweyure yokuhamba ngenqwelo moya kungalungiswa. Ukungaphumeleli kolwimi kuyayithintela isicelo sakho ukuba singabi shushu de kube sisonjululwe.
Ngaba Ungaba Ngumqhubi Wenqwelo-moya Kwiminyaka Emibini?
Impendulo emfutshane nguewe, kodwa kuphela xa kukho uhlobo oluthile lwengqeqesho abantu abaninzi abayijongeli phantsi. ixesha elizeleyo loqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelomoya icinezela oko abafundi abafunda ixesha elingesosigxina bakolula kwiminyaka emine okanye emihlanu kube yinto exineneyo necwangcisiweyo. Impazamo kukuba ikhalenda yeyona nto inzima, akunjalo. Eyona nto inzima kukulandelelanisa inyathelo ngalinye ukuze kungabikho nto ilindayo.
Inyathelo 1. Fumana isatifikethi sakho sezonyango kuqala. Eli lisango elimisa abaviwa abaninzi kunalo naluphi na uvavanyo lokubhabha. Cwangcisa uvavanyo lwezonyango lweKlasi 1 ngaphambi kokuba ubhalise naphi na. Ukuba kuvela into engafanelekiyo, awuzange uchithe nedola kuqeqesho lokubhabha.
Inyathelo 2. Fumana iLayisensi yakho yoMqhubi waBucala. Eli nqanaba lifundisa iziseko, ukunduluka, ukufika, ukuhamba ngenqanawa, umsebenzi werediyo. Yiphathe njengomsebenzi wexesha elizeleyo. Bhabha kathathu ukuya kane ngeveki. Isikolo samabanga aphantsi senzeka ngokuhlwa. Okukhona ugqiba ngokukhawuleza oku, kokukhona uqala ngokukhawuleza ukuzakhela iiyure zorhwebo.
Inyathelo 3. Yakha iiyure zakho zokuhamba ngenqwelo moya. Eli lelona nqanaba lide kwaye lelo apho amandla omoya aphela khona. Bhabha yonke imihla ukuba imozulu iyavuma. Xuba iinqwelomoya ezihamba ngeenyawo kunye nexesha lodwa. Iyure nganye ebhalwe phantsi isondele kwinani elifunekayo kwigunya lakho. Kulapho abafundi abasebenza ixesha elingesosigxina balahlekelwa khona ngunyaka.
Inyathelo 4. Phumelela kwi-CPL checkride. Uvavanyo olusebenzayo luluhlu lokugqibela. Ngeli xesha, ukubhabha kufanele kubonakale kuyinto yendalo. Umvavanyi ufuna ukuchaneka nokwenza izigqibo, hayi ukugqibelela. Iveki yokulungiselela okugxileyo idla ngokwanela.
Inyathelo 5. Cinga ngovavanyo lomqeqeshi. Oku kukhetho kodwa kuyasebenza. Kuguqula ilayisensi yakho ibe ngumsebenzi ohlawulayo ngelixa wakha iiyure ezifunekayo kumsebenzi weenqwelo moya. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abaninzi baxhasa i-ATP yabo ngale ndlela.
Ukugqiba olu luhlu kwiminyaka emibini kufuna ukuzinikela ngokusisigxina kwaye kungabikho kulibaziseka kunyango. Umvuzo yilayisenisi yorhwebo kunye nomsebenzi oqala ukufumana umvuzo ngoko nangoko.
Inyathelo Lakho Elilandelayo Eliya Kwi-Cockpit
Ukufaneleka kwe-CPL liqela lamasango, hayi udonga olunye. Umfundi ngoku uyaqonda ukuba imfuneko nganye ikhona ngesizathu, kwaye izinto eziqhelekileyo ezingafanelekiyo, iimeko zempilo, iingxaki zokuphakama, izikhewu zemfundo, zonke zineendlela zokusombulula iingxaki.
Umahluko phakathi komgqatswa ofumana ilayisenisi nomntu ohlala engasebenzi asikokuba netalente. Kukulandelelana. Ukujonga ugqirha ngaphambi kokuba uchithe iiyure zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Ukuqala i-PPL usengaphantsi kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo. Ukukhetha indlela yoqeqesho, iCandelo 141 xa kuthelekiswa neCandelo 61, edityanisiweyo xa kuthelekiswa neModular, ehambelana nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nexesha elibekiweyo.
Khetha isango lokuqala uze ungene kulo. Bhukisha uvavanyo lwezonyango. Emva koko fumana isikolo uze qala uqeqesho lwakho lwe-CPL. I-cockpit ilindile. Umbuzo kuphela kukuba ingaba intshukumo elandelayo iya kwenzeka namhlanje okanye iya kutyhalelwa kwinyanga ezayo.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo Malunga Nokufaneleka kwe-CPL
Zithini iimfuno zonyango zelayisenisi yokuqhuba umqhubi wenqwelo moya yorhwebo?
Kufuneka isatifikethi sezonyango seKlasi yoku-1, esivavanya ukubona, ukuva, impilo yentliziyo, kunye nokuqina kwengqondo. Uvavanyo alunazo iingongoma ezingqongqo zokuphakama, kodwa kufuneka ubonise ukuba ungafikelela kuzo zonke iindlela zokulawula kwaye ubone ngaphaya kwephaneli yezixhobo.
Zingaphi iiyure zenqwelomoya ezifunekayo kwi-CPL?
Iiyure zokubhabha ezifunekayo ziyahluka ngokwegunya leenqwelo moya, apho i-FAA ifuna iiyure ezingama-250 phantsi kweCandelo 61 kunye ne-190 phantsi kweCandelo 141. Ezi yure mazibandakanye iindidi ezithile ezifana nomqhubi wenqwelo moya okhokelayo, ukuhamba ngeenyawo ukuya kwelinye ilizwe, ubusuku, kunye nexesha lezixhobo.
Ndingafumana i-CPL ngaphandle kwesidanga saseyunivesithi?
Ewe, isidanga sasekholejini asifuneki kwilayisenisi yokuqhuba umqhubi wenqwelomoya kumazwe amaninzi. Imfuneko yezemfundo ebanzi yidiploma yesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo okanye into efanayo, nangona izakhono eziqinileyo zezibalo kunye nefiziksi zibalulekile ekuphumeleleni iimviwo ezibhaliweyo.
